针对强化学习模型合并难题,提出新方法提升融合效果。
ResMerge: Residual-based Spectral Merging of Large Language Models

- 基于残差谱分析,分离主干与残差成分分别处理
- 在多个任务组中优于现有基线,保留更多专家能力
- 适合需要融合多强化学习模型的场景
模型合并提供了一种无需训练即可整合多个后训练专家模型的方法,但通过强化学习(RL)获得的专家模型合并仍具挑战。现有谱合并方法常假设主特征方向包含主要任务信号,而低能量残差成分可被压缩、选择或抑制以减少干扰。我们发现该假设不适用于RL任务向量:将每个任务向量分解为主谱头和残差成分后,两者均可独立恢复大量行为知识,且具有不同合并特性。主谱头集中且信息丰富,但易引发跨专家剧烈冲突;残差成分分布更分散,更利于聚合稳定。基于此,我们提出ResMerge,一种面向强化学习专家的残差基谱合并框架。ResMerge首先通过球面残差共识适应构建稳定的残差主干,估计弗罗贝尼乌斯球上的可靠性加权共识方向;随后通过轻量级头部修正模块,以正向跨专家一致性的门控机制重新引入主谱头信息。在多个强化学习专家组及能力领域上的实验表明,ResMerge比代表性任务向量与谱合并基线更好地保留了专家能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Model merging offers a training-free way to combine multiple post-trained expert models, but merging experts obtained through reinforcement learning (RL) remains challenging. Existing spectral merging methods often assume that leading singular directions contain the main task signal, while lower-energy residual components can be compressed, selected, or attenuated to reduce interference. We find that this assumption does not hold for RL task vectors: after decomposing each task vector into a leading spectral head and a residual component, both parts can independently recover substantial behavior knowledge, while exhibiting different merging properties. The head is highly concentrated and informative but more prone to sharp cross-expert conflicts, whereas the residual component is more dispersed and provides a more stable basis for aggregation. Based on this observation, we propose ResMerge, a residual-based spectral merging framework for RL experts. ResMerge first constructs a stable residual backbone with Spherical Residual Consensus Adaptation, which estimates a reliability-weighted consensus direction on the Frobenius sphere. It then reintroduces leading-head information through a Lightweight Head Correction module gated by positive cross-expert agreement. Experiments across multiple RL expert groups and capability domains show that ResMerge better preserves expert capabilities than representative task-vector and spectral merging baselines.
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