arXiv:2606.02509cs.CL2026-06中稿 · CLPsych 2026

用大模型分析老师叙事,发现评分量表遗漏的注意力缺陷信号

When Rating Scales Fall Short: LLM-Assisted Discovery of ADHD Signals in Turkish Teacher Narratives

  • 用大语言模型分析教师开放文本,挖掘量表未捕捉的行为模式
  • 在量表无法区分ADHD与非ADHD学生时,文本模型仍能识别差异特征
  • 发现量表与叙事提供互补信息,适合临床辅助筛查场景

注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童最常见的神经发育障碍之一,诊断依赖于临床判断、标准化量表及家长和教师报告。虽然康纳斯教师评分量表修订短版(CTRS-R:S)可量化相关行为,但教师提供的开放式评语可能包含量表未覆盖的补充信号。本研究分析了临床评估中收集的匿名土耳其教师评价表,包含CTRS-R:S评分与开放文本。通过对比结构化评分与文本数据的预测能力,发现部分案例中量表无法明确区分ADHD与非ADHD学生,而基于文本的模型则能识别出显著的行为模式差异。值得注意的是,这些被量表遗漏的案例与叙事模型误判案例重叠极小,表明结构化与叙事信息编码互补信号。我们采用大语言模型辅助的主题发现流程,揭示了注意力、行为及家庭相关的差异化模式,证明自然语言处理可从教师叙事中挖掘临床相关信号,有效补充传统筛查工具。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood, and its diagnosis relies on assessments combining clinician judgment with standardized rating scales and reports from parents and teachers. While structured instruments such as the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale-Revised Short Form (CTRS-R:S) quantify ADHD-related behaviors, teachers also provide open-ended narratives that may contain complementary signals not captured by structured assessments. However, it remains unclear to what extent teacher narratives encode signals overlooked by rating scales. In this study, we analyze de-identified Turkish teacher evaluation forms collected during clinical ADHD assessments, including both CTRS-R:S scores and open-ended teacher narratives. We compare predictive signals from structured scores and narrative text and identify cases where structured assessments fail to clearly distinguish ADHD from non-ADHD students while narrative-based models capture distinct behavioral patterns. Notably, these cases show minimal overlap with those missed by the narrative model, suggesting that structured and narrative information encode complementary signals. To interpret these differences, we apply a large language model (LLM)-assisted theme discovery pipeline that reveals distinct attention, behavioral, and family-related patterns, highlighting the potential of natural language processing (NLP) to uncover clinically relevant signals from teacher narratives and to complement traditional ADHD screening tools.

ADHD大模型教师叙事NLP

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