arXiv:2606.02559cs.CLcs.AI2026-06中稿 · EMNLP被引 1

提出细粒度模块替换压缩法,显著提升大模型压缩后的性能与速度。

From Layers to Submodules: Rethinking Granularity in Replacement-Based LLM Compression

  • 按子模块级别非连续选择冗余组件,每块配独立轻量绕行路径。
  • 在25%稀疏度下保留84.6%下游准确率,比最强基线高3个百分点。
  • 适合追求高效推理的部署场景,尤其适用于极端压缩需求。

后训练阶段的大语言模型压缩通过删除或替换整个结构组件实现。现有基于替换的方法受限于全层粒度和连续选择,但我们发现预训练变压器中的冗余并非局限于连续区域,且注意力与前馈输出的冗余分布不均,因此不同子模块应采用不同近似策略,且可移除组件不必集中于连续深度范围。基于此,我们提出SubFit(子模块级拟合残差替换):在子模块层面进行非连续选择,并为每个模块配备独立的轻量级拟合残差旁路。该方法无需重新训练,仅需校准数据。在十种大模型(五种基础型、五种指令微调型)、五种稀疏度(12.5%至37.5%)及四种基线对比下,SubFit在所有稀疏度上均取得最优的困惑度-准确率权衡,尤其在高压缩条件下优势更明显。在25%稀疏度时,保持84.6%的稠密模型下游准确率,困惑度仅上升2.42倍,优于最强基线的81.6%准确率与4.34倍困惑度上升,同时带来可观的推理加速与键值缓存节省。代码已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Post-training compression of Large Language Models (LLMs) removes entire architectural components, either deleting them or replacing them with fitted modules. Existing replacement-based methods share two design constraints: full-layer granularity and contiguous selection. We argue that this is overly restrictive: in fact, redundancy in pretrained transformers is not confined to contiguous regions, nor does it evenly distribute between Attention and FeedForward outputs, implying that different strategies best approximate different submodule types and that removable components need not cluster within contiguous depth ranges. Based on this intuition, we introduce SubFit (Submodule-level Fitted residual replacement), which compresses LLMs at the submodule level: Attention and FeedForward submodules are selected non-contiguously, and each receives its own lightweight fitted residual bypass. SubFit operates post-training and requires only calibration data. Across ten LLMs (five base, five instruction-tuned), five sparsity levels from 12.5% to 37.5%, and four replacement-based baselines, SubFit achieves the best aggregate perplexity-accuracy trade-off across the evaluated sparsity levels, with larger gains under aggressive compression. At 25% sparsity, it retains 84.6% of dense downstream accuracy and incurs 2.42x perplexity degradation, against 81.6% and 4.34x for the strongest baselines, while delivering measurable inference speedup and KV-cache savings. Code is available at https://github.com/eliacunegatti/SubFit.

模型压缩大模型优化稀疏化推理加速

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