用英国规划文件重建地理边界,挑战多模态信息融合能力
Plan2Map: A Multimodal Benchmark for Document-Grounded Geospatial Boundary Reconstruction from Planning Records

- 构建多模态数据集,融合文本、地图、标注等信息重构地理边界
- 模型在208个案例上达到0.736平均重叠率,超半数预测精度达0.8以上
- 适合关注空间推理、文档理解与地理信息系统交叉研究的学者
规划文件定义地理区域限制,但其来源文档通常仅提供间接空间证据而非机器可读边界。我们提出Plan2Map,一个包含208个案例的多模态基准,用于从英国规划记录中进行文档驱动的地理边界重建。给定原始规划文档,系统需从通知文本、附录表、地图版面、地图标签和边界标注中重构有效地理边界,参考GeoJSON保留用于评分。我们提出GeoPlanAgent,一种基于文档的、融入地理工具的闭环系统,将任务分解为证据提取、定位、地图配准、边界分割、投影和验证。在Plan2Map上,GeoPlanAgent实现0.736的平均交并比(IoU)和0.904的中位数IoU,67.8%的预测结果达到或超过0.8 IoU,显著优于直接从视觉语言模型输出GeoJSON的基线方法。诊断分析显示,直接VLM预测仍不可靠,剩余误差主要集中在定位与地图配准环节,而监督式边界分割显著提升像素级掩码质量。Plan2Map为公共规划记录中的多模态地理重构提供了实际测试平台。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Planning records define restrictions over geographic areas, but their source documents often provide only indirect spatial evidence rather than machine-readable boundaries. We introduce Plan2Map, a 208-case multimodal benchmark for document-grounded geospatial boundary reconstruction from UK planning records. Given only a source planning document, systems must reconstruct a valid geospatial boundary from notice text, schedules, map plates, map labels, and boundary annotations; the reference GeoJSON is held out for scoring. We propose GeoPlanAgent, a document-grounded, geospatial-tool-in-the-loop system that decomposes the task into evidence extraction, localisation, map registration, boundary segmentation, projection, and verification. On Plan2Map, GeoPlanAgent achieves 0.736 mean IoU and 0.904 median IoU, with 67.8\% of predictions at or above 0.8 IoU, substantially outperforming direct VLM-to-GeoJSON baselines. Diagnostic analysis shows that direct VLM prediction remains unreliable, while remaining errors are concentrated in localisation and map registration, and supervised boundary segmentation substantially improves pixel-level mask quality. Plan2Map provides a concrete testbed for multimodal geospatial reconstruction from public planning records. Project page: https://odeb1.github.io/Plan2Map_Project_Page/.
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