arXiv:2606.02894cs.CV2026-06

在1MB内存设备上实现多设备协作检测,提升遮挡环境下的目标识别准确率。

Tiny Collaborative Inference for Occlusion-Robust Object Detection

论文配图:Tiny Collaborative Inference for Occlusion-Robust Object Detection
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 采用决策层融合与轻量化模型,实现低功耗协同推理。
  • 在不对称遮挡下最高提升0.2736 mAP,三视角融合达+0.3827 mAP。
  • 适合救援等场景中无主机的超低功耗边缘多设备部署。

搜救任务中的边缘AI节点需在本地运行视觉算法,但超低性能硬件对内存、算力和设备间通信提出严苛限制。本文在小于1 MB SRAM的设备上,结合MCUNet主干网络、YOLOv2检测头与轻量化量化技术,评估了两种协同推理策略:特征级融合(拼接中间特征图)与决策级融合(加权框融合,WBF)。在所有遮挡条件下,WBF均优于特征级融合,不对称场景下最高提升0.2736 mAP;扩展至三视角可进一步提升至+0.3827 mAP,通信开销仅约1.3 KB/次交换。硬件实验从主机辅助的USB中继基线,推进至两个Coral Dev Board Micro通过Wi-Fi点对点部署,其中WBF可在设备端执行,通信能耗相对于推理可忽略。在301.9秒的自主会话中(108帧),融合输出覆盖61帧,较单板的47帧提升29.8%。虽提及去中心化联邦学习可行性,但非主要结果,因在非独立同分布数据下表现受限。结果表明,决策级融合是提升小规模边缘目标检测遮挡鲁棒性的可行方案,适用于无主机的多板超低功耗部署。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Edge AI nodes for search and rescue are increasingly expected to run computer vision locally, yet ultra-low-end hardware imposes hard constraints on memory, compute, and inter-device communication. This work addresses occlusion-robust object detection on devices with less than 1 MB SRAM by combining an MCUNet backbone, a YOLOv2 detection head, and Lite quantisation. Two collaborative inference strategies are evaluated: feature-level fusion, concatenating intermediate feature maps, and decision-level fusion via Weighted Boxes Fusion (WBF). WBF outperforms feature-level fusion under all tested occlusion conditions, yielding gains of up to +0.2736 mAP in asymmetric scenarios. Extending fusion to three views improves accuracy further (up to +0.3827 mAP) at modest communication overhead (~1.3 KB per exchange). Hardware experiments progress from a host-assisted USB-relay baseline to a Wi-Fi peer-to-peer deployment on two Coral Dev Board Micro units, where WBF executes on-device with negligible communication energy relative to inference. In a 301.9 s autonomous session of 108 frames, fused output is produced on 61 frames versus 47 for a single board - a coverage gain of +29.8%. A decentralised federated learning feasibility note is included but not treated as a primary result, as performance remains limited under non-iid data. The results support decision-level fusion as a viable option for improving occlusion robustness in small-scale edge object detection, including host-free multi-board operation on ultra-low-end hardware.

边缘计算目标检测协同推理低功耗

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