为AGI设计可复现构建机制,确保模型能被完全还原。
Reproducibility is the New Copyleft: Defining AGI-oriented Reproducible Builds
- 以可复现构建替代传统开源协议,保障模型全程可重建。
- 提出七项AGI所需复现条件,涵盖数据、权重、硬件等全要素。
- 适合关注AI开放性与治理的科研者与政策制定者。
Copyleft(如GNU通用公共许可证)通过版权绑定源代码与分发行为,保障用户自由,其有效性依赖于源代码与目标代码之间可审计且可复现的关系。然而大语言模型乃至未来的通用人工智能(AGI)系统,打破了这一前提:重建模型所需的代码、数据、权重、超参数、工具链及硬件配置各自受法律、技术和经济因素制约,现有开源框架无法完全解决。更严重的是,强人工智能系统可将受版权保护的代码转化为功能等价但剥离原义务的衍生品,使copyleft失效。本文主张,面向AGI的新型自由保障不应基于代码共享条款,而应建立在可复现构建之上——即从声明输入中精确还原二进制输出。我们结合OSAID、MOF、OpenMDW及确定性推理研究,定义了七项AGI导向的可复现构建要求,并指出模型上下文协议(MCP)等机制构成新型动态链接层,传统copyleft不适用,而Masnick的“协议优于平台”框架更具治理潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Copyleft, as implemented in licenses such as the GNU General Public License, was a legal hack that used copyright to guarantee user freedom by tying the availability of source code to every act of distribution. Its normative force rested on an implicit technical premise: that source code and object code stand in a well-defined, humanly auditable, and reproducible relationship. Large language models and, prospectively, Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) systems systematically violate this premise. The artifacts jointly required to reconstruct a model -- code, data, weights, hyperparameters, toolchain, and hardware configuration -- are each subject to independent legal, technical, and economic constraints that no current open-source framework fully resolves. Sufficiently capable AI systems can also rewrite licensed source into functionally equivalent derivatives stripped of their original obligations, a form of laundering against which copyleft has no effective defense. This paper argues that a functional analogue of copyleft for AGI must be grounded not in share-alike clauses over code, but in reproducible builds: a practice guaranteeing bit-exact reconstructability from declared inputs. We review the logic of copyleft, critically examine Maffulli's Second Liberation thesis according to which AI fulfills Stallman's dream, and show that the argument collapses unless AGI systems are themselves reproducible. Drawing on the Open Source AI Definition (OSAID), the Model Openness Framework (MOF), OpenMDW, and deterministic-inference research, we define seven requirements for AGI-oriented reproducible builds. We further argue that the Model Context Protocol (MCP) and analogous AI-to-AI coupling mechanisms constitute a new dynamic linking layer for which copyleft-style licensing is ill-suited, and that Masnick's "protocols, not platforms" framework offers a more promising governance template.
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