arXiv:2606.03080cs.CLcs.AI2026-06

用未来信息提升语言模型,让模型学得更准。

Regret Pre-training: Bridging Prior and Posterior Views for Enhanced Knowledge Grounding

论文配图:Regret Pre-training: Bridging Prior and Posterior Views for Enhanced Knowledge Grounding
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用双视角架构,让模型同时学因果和未来条件分布。
  • 在9个任务上平均准确率超基线,最高提升18.1个百分点。
  • 不增加参数,只需多一次前向传播,适合想提效的开发者。

因果语言模型仅使用先前上下文进行序列概率建模,尽管训练数据中包含未来信息,却未在训练中利用。本文提出后悔预训练(Regret Pre-training),基于带特权信息学习(LUPI)范式,采用双视角架构:单个模型同时生成因果学生分布与未来条件教师分布。训练目标在标准语言建模基础上引入后悔损失,最小化教师到学生的KL散度,将未来感知信号传递至因果表示。我们在OLMoE-1B-7B架构上测试两种教师配置:LocalRegret(注意力扩展一个未来词)、GlobalRegret(双向上下文遮蔽目标位置)。在40亿词训练后,九项下游任务实验显示两者均优于基线。GlobalRegret与LocalRegret平均准确率分别为33.9%与32.2%,高于基线30.2%。尤其,GlobalRegret使BoolQ性能提升18.1个百分点(61.0% vs 42.9%)。该框架不引入额外参数,每步训练仅需一次额外前向传播。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Causal language models factorize sequence probabilities using only preceding context, leaving future information unexploited during training despite its availability in the training data. This paper introduces Regret Pre-training, a self-supervised framework grounded in the Learning Using Privileged Information (LUPI) paradigm. The framework employs a dual-view architecture in which a single model generates both a causal Student distribution and a future-conditioned Teacher distribution. The training objective augments standard language modeling with a regret loss that minimizes the KL divergence from teacher to student, transferring future-aware signals to the causal representations. We investigate two teacher configurations on the OLMoE-1B-7B architecture:LocalRegret, which extends attention by one future token, andGlobalRegret, which conditions on bidirectional context with the target position masked. Experiments on nine downstream tasks following 4 billion tokens of training demonstrate that both configurations consistently outperform the baseline. On average,GlobalRegret andLocalRegret achieve 33.9% and 32.2% accuracy respectively, surpassing the baseline's 30.2%. Most notably,GlobalRegret improves BoolQ performance by 18.1 percentage points (61.0% vs 42.9%). The framework introduces no additional parameters and requires only one extra inference-mode forward pass per training step.

语言模型预训练因果推理自监督

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