用AI分析5000多条儿童博主视频，发现表演式劳动越严重，播放量越高。
Auditing Engagement Incentives in the Kidfluencer Ecosystem: A Multimodal Weak Supervision Approach
- 通过弱监督融合大模型与视觉分析，自动标记儿童博主视频中的剥削信号。
- 剥削得分每提高1单位，播放量增加4.4倍，情感操控内容播放量高65.6%。
- 平台奖励孩子身份商品化，而非传统广告，政策需重新审视儿童数字劳动。
YouTube上儿童博主（kidfluencer）的兴起引发关于儿童数字劳工与剥削的伦理担忧。本研究对79个儿童博主频道的5,051条视频进行多模态AI审计，采用弱监督方法在无需大规模人工标注的情况下检测剥削信号。通过整合基于LLM的标题分类与GPT-4 Vision对缩略图、描述的六维文献驱动分析，生成每条视频的剥削概率评分。多标注者验证（N=107）显示与人工判断高度一致（宏平均F1=0.911），整体剥削风险召回率达0.960，F1=0.793。研究发现，表演性劳动、情感诱导和隐私侵犯显著提升观看量；剥削评分与播放量呈显著正相关（斯皮尔曼ρ=0.229，p<10⁻⁵⁰）。控制频道层级差异的混合效应回归表明，剥削评分每上升1单位，播放量提升4.4倍（p<0.001）。同频道分析显示，情感诱导内容平均提升65.6%播放量，表演性内容提升56.0%（FDR校正后p<0.001），且在同年稳健性检验中仍显著（p=0.030）。而明确商业内容（如产品植入）无播放量优势（-3.8%，不显著），表明平台更青睐儿童身份与劳动的商品化，而非传统广告。研究挑战仅关注资金信托的政策框架，揭示互动量与儿童高强度表演性劳动系统性关联。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The rise of `kidfluencers' on YouTube has raised ethical concerns about child digital labor and exploitation. While emerging legislation attempts to regulate this ecosystem, empirical evidence linking exploitation to engagement remains scarce, given the difficulty of operationalizing exploitation at scale. This study presents a multimodal AI audit of 5,051 videos across 79 kidfluencer channels, using weak supervision to detect exploitation signals without large-scale manual labels. We aggregate noisy labeling functions -- including LLM-based classification of titles and GPT-4 Vision analysis of thumbnails and descriptions across six literature-grounded dimensions -- to assign a probabilistic exploitation score to each video. A multi-annotator validation study (N=107) shows strong agreement with human judgment (macro-average F1 $= 0.911$) and high sensitivity for overall exploitation risk (recall $= 0.960$, F1 $= 0.793$). Our findings reveal a significant engagement premium for performative labor, emotional bait, and privacy violations. Exploitation scores correlate with view counts (Spearman $ρ= 0.229$, $p < 10^{-50}$), and mixed-effects regression controlling for channel-level variation shows that a one-unit increase in exploitation score yields a $4.4\times$ increase in views ($p < 0.001$). Within-channel analyses indicate median view boosts of $+65.6\%$ for emotional bait and $+56.0\%$ for performative content (FDR-corrected $p<0.001$), with effects holding in same-year robustness checks ($p=0.030$). Explicit commercial content (product placement), by contrast, shows no premium ($-3.8\%$, n.s.), suggesting the platform rewards commodification of the child's identity and labor over traditional advertising. These findings challenge policy frameworks focused solely on financial trusts, showing that engagement is systematically tied to the intensive, performative labor of children.
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