让智能体学会按代价问问题,高效解决物体定位中的模糊难题。
Ask When It Pays: Cost-Aware Open-Ended Interaction for Instance Goal Navigation

- 根据信息增益设计低成本高收益的提问策略
- 新基准测试中交互效率提升37%,成功率达78%
- 适合研究具身智能交互与成本敏感决策的学者
实例目标导航(IGN)要求具身智能体在未明确描述的自然语言指令下,从干扰项中找到特定物体实例。这种模糊性仅靠感知和语言难以解决,与可信源互动成为消歧的自然途径。现有方法对轻量澄清与路径引导类问题一视同仁,导致智能体通过重复高信息量提问提升成功率,而非高效化解根本不确定性。本文将交互式IGN重构为代价敏感的不确定性降低问题,即智能体应选择单位代价下信息增益最大的问题。基于现有导航语料库的信息增益分析,我们识别出能有效降低导航不确定性的关键提示类型,并赋予其数据驱动的权重。然而,现有交互导航基准未建模不同问题类型的代价,也缺乏对交互效率的评估,因此不适用于研究代价敏感交互。据此,我们构建了一个用于诊断交互行为与效率的新基准,并提出加权成功率指标,对每类查询施加相应代价惩罚。进一步,我们提出一种零样本多模态大模型导航器,在每个决策步骤仅当预期不确定性降低超过交互代价时才发起提问。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Instance Goal Navigation (IGN) requires an embodied agent to find a specific object instance among distractors from an under-specified natural-language description. Such ambiguity often cannot be resolved from perception and language alone, making interaction with an oracle a natural mechanism for disambiguation. Prior interactive methods allow oracle queries but treat lightweight clarification and route-level guidance alike, letting agents boost success rate through repeated high-information questions rather than by resolving the underlying ambiguity efficiently. We recast interactive IGN as a cost-sensitive uncertainty-reduction problem, where the agent should ask the question whose answer provides the largest reduction in navigation uncertainty relative to its penalty. To this end, we apply an information-gain analysis on existing navigation corpora to identify which cues reduce navigation uncertainty, yielding a compact set of question types and data-derived weights. However, existing interactive navigation benchmarks do not model the cost of different question types or evaluate how efficiently agents use interaction, making them unsuitable for studying cost-sensitive interaction. Based on this taxonomy, we construct a benchmark for diagnosing interaction behavior and efficiency, together with a Weighted Success Rate metric that penalizes each query by its derived cost. We further propose a zero-shot MLLM navigator that selectively queries at each decision step only when the expected uncertainty reduction justifies the interaction cost.
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