新方法让恶意软件归属更准,遇到未知团伙直接放弃猜测。
High-Precision APT Malware Attribution with Out-of-Scope Resilience

- 用二分类排序+主动放弃机制替代传统多分类
- 未知团伙样本94%被拒绝,已分类样本精度达92%
- 适合需要高可信归属的实战防御场景
早期识别高级持续性威胁(APT)活动有助于防御方优先处理、选择对策并降低入侵影响。恶意软件是重要归属线索,但自动化APT恶意软件归属仍具挑战。现有方法通常在有限已知的APT组织上训练和评估,属于封闭集分类器。实际环境中,分类器可能遇到训练时未包含的组织样本,被迫将其归入已有组别,导致错误归属。本文提出一种基于排序二分类器与显式放弃机制的高精度归属方法:为每个APT组织训练两个二分类器,按验证性能排序后依次应用;仅当证据充分时才归属,否则放弃。在APT恶意软件数据集及更大规模的测试数据集上评估,该方法在原数据集上精度优于此前结果;在最严苛场景下(87%测试样本来自60个未参与训练的组织),对94%的外部样本选择放弃,同时保持92%的归属精度和95%的选择性准确率。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Early attribution of Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) activity can help defenders prioritise investigation, select countermeasures, and reduce the impact of an intrusion. Malware provides useful attribution evidence, but automated APT malware attribution remains difficult in practice. Existing approaches are typically trained and evaluated as closed-set classifiers over a limited number of known APT groups. In operational environments, however, classifiers are likely to encounter samples from groups not represented during training. Closed-set classifiers are then forced to assign such samples to known groups, producing unsupported and potentially misleading attributions. We present a high-precision APT malware attribution method based on ranked binary classifiers with explicit abstention. Rather than training a single multi-class classifier, our approach trains and tunes two binary classifiers per APT group, ranks the classifiers by validation performance, and applies them sequentially. A sample is attributed only when a classifier provides sufficient evidence; otherwise, it abstains. We evaluate the method on the APT Malware dataset and on a larger combined dataset designed to stress-test out-of-scope behaviour. On the APT Malware dataset, the method achieves higher precision than previously published results on the same dataset. In the most challenging setting, where 87% of test samples came from 60 APT groups excluded from training, the method abstained on 94% of out-of-scope samples while maintaining 92% precision and 95% selective accuracy on the samples it classified.
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