通过人类干预信号校准奖励,让机器人更高效学会正确操作。
Preference-Calibrated Human-in-the-Loop Reinforcement Learning for Robotic Manipulation

- 用人类干预判断哪些动作不好,针对性修正奖励
- 实测成功率提升24.5%,收敛速度加快1.3倍
- 适合需要人机协作的机器人操作任务
人机协同强化学习(HIL-RL)通过在线人类干预提升真实机器人操作的样本效率。然而,成功轨迹中可能包含偏离理想执行路径的次优动作,导致需频繁人工介入。现有方法对所有状态转移统一分配奖励,高估了次优段落的Q值,误导策略学习。为此,本文提出PACT框架,利用干预产生的隐式偏好信号,识别次优段并进行信用重分配,实现无偏的批评者-演员学习。首先构建进度模型,从人类示范中学习并定位次优段;然后基于人类纠正动作与重采样策略动作构建偏好对,定义反事实优势,惩罚该段落的贝尔曼目标,实现定向信用校准;同时在有界均值空间中直接对齐策略与人类纠正动作,提供额外更新信号。在五个真实机器人操作任务上,PACT平均成功率提升24.5%,收敛速度提高1.3倍,显著提升样本效率与性能。代码已公开。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Human-in-the-loop reinforcement learning (HIL-RL) improves sample efficiency in real-robot manipulation through online human intervention. However, successful trajectories may include suboptimal actions that deviate from the desired task-execution path and force human intervention. Existing HIL-RL methods typically apply the consistent credit assignment principle to all transitions, uniformly propagating discounted terminal rewards through suboptimal segments, ignoring the actual contribution of each transition to task success. This overestimates Q-values for critic learning and indirectly misguides actor updates toward suboptimal behavior patterns. To this end, we propose PACT, a Preference-calibrated Actor-Critic Training framework that leverages the implicit preference signals induced by intervention to perform credit reassignment on identified suboptimal segments while directly guiding policy training for unbiased critic-actor learning. Specifically, we first design a progress model that learns from human demonstration and identifies suboptimal segments for credit correction. Then, from the human action and resampled policy action at the intervention state, we build preference pairs to define a counterfactual advantage that penalizes Bellman targets of the identified suboptimal segment, enabling directional credit calibration. Moreover, we directly align the policy with human corrective actions in the bounded mean space, providing an additional signal beyond critic-guided updates. Across five real-robot manipulation tasks, PACT improves the average success rate by 24.5% and achieves 1.3 times faster convergence, thereby improving both RL sample efficiency and performance. Code is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/HILRL-A1X-BC05.
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