针对扩散型大模型设计自适应攻击,提升越狱成功率。
MaskForge: Structure-Aware Adaptive Attacks for Jailbreaking Diffusion Large Language Models

- 通过构建可复用的结构化攻击模板库,动态优化攻击策略。
- 在五种公开dLLM上平均攻击成功率达79.3%,较基线提升17.6%。
- 模板库可跨任务迁移,在AdvBench上达88.2%成功率。
扩散型大语言模型(dLLMs)通过双向上下文迭代去噪部分掩码序列生成文本,其安全边界与自回归模型不同。由于掩码标记是原生输入,且标记由置信度而非位置决定,有害内容可通过填充操作在监控前缀之外被诱导。现有越狱方法或忽略此原生填充能力,或依赖低多样性、统一应用的掩码模板,缺乏结构适配与攻击经验积累。我们提出MaskForge,一种全黑盒自适应攻击方法,将dLLM红队测试转化为对不断增长的结构模式库的优化搜索。MaskForge将成功尝试抽象为可复用的模板,使用UCB带状算法选择目标兼容模式,并在库失效时启用评分引导的回退机制。成功案例被回蒸至模板库中,实现跨目标的经验累积。在五个公开dLLMs和三个基准上,MaskForge平均攻击成功率达79.3%,相对最强基线提升17.6%。成熟的模板库无需更新即可迁移至AdvBench,达到88.2%成功率,相对最强基线提升67%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) generate text by iteratively denoising partially masked sequences under bidirectional context, exposing a safety surface distinct from autoregressive LLMs. Because mask tokens are native inputs and tokens are committed by confidence rather than position, harmful content can be induced through infilling and outside the monitored prefix. Existing jailbreaks either miss this native infill capability or rely on low-diversity mask-bearing templates applied uniformly across goals, with little structural adaptation or accumulated attack experience. We propose MaskForge, a fully black-box adaptive attack that casts dLLM red-teaming as optimized search over a growing library of structural patterns. MaskForge abstracts successful attempts into reusable schemas, selects goal-compatible patterns with a UCB bandit, and invokes a scorer-guided fallback when the current library fails. Successful attempts are distilled back into the pattern library, enabling experience to accumulate across goals. Across five public dLLMs and three benchmarks, MaskForge achieves an average attack success rate of 79.3%, a 17.6% relative improvement over the strongest competing dLLM baseline. The matured pattern library further transfers to AdvBench without any updates, achieving a 88.2% attack success rate and a 67% relative improvement over the strongest competing baseline.
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