arXiv:2606.04193cs.CRcs.AI2026-06

让接收方签名确认AI行为,防篡改且无需信任代理本身。

Notarized Agents: Receiver-Attested Confidential Receipts for AI Agent Actions

  • 接收方用私钥签收代理请求,加密后公开发布。
  • 生成不可伪造的可验证行为记录,攻击者无法隐藏或修改。
  • 适合需要可信审计的AI系统,如金融、医疗领域。

当前AI代理可观测性存在根本缺陷:日志生成方与被记录方为同一实体。受损或有漏洞的代理可能删除、篡改或伪造自身行为记录,而运行方无法独立检测。我们提出一类协议,通过反转信任边界解决此问题:接收服务使用自身密钥对观察到的行为签名,将签名凭证加密至代理所有者,并发布至公开透明日志。所有者可重建防篡改行为链,无需信任代理或其操作者。我们实现该类协议为Sello,具备四项现有系统缺失特性:(P1) 接收方签名,(P2) 通过JWS绑定授权令牌的公钥进行HPKE加密,(P3) 发布至见证共签的默克尔日志,(P4) 所有者通过令牌引用发现记录。本文描述协议设计,分析在控制代理及操作者的对手下的安全性,展示密码学操作微基准,并将Sello与Signet、AgentROA、Agent Passport System、draft-farley-acta、SCITT等相近协议对比。讨论已知局限,包括抑制攻击、服务共谋及采纳激励问题。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Current AI agent observability is structurally compromised: the entity producing the activity log is the same entity whose activity is being logged. A compromised or buggy agent can omit, alter, or fabricate its own traces, and the operator running the agent has no independent way to detect tampering. We propose a class of protocols that resolves this by inverting the trust boundary: the service that receives an agent's call signs a receipt of what it observed using its own key, encrypts the receipt to the agent's owner, and publishes it to a public transparency log. The owner reconstructs a tamper-evident trail without trusting the agent or its operator. We instantiate the class as Sello, a protocol combining four properties absent in any current system: (P1) receiver-side signing, (P2) HPKE encryption to an owner public key bound to the authorization token via JWS, (P3) publication to a witness-cosigned Merkle log, and (P4) owner-side discovery by token reference. We describe the protocol, analyze its security under an adversary that controls the agent and its operator, present microbenchmarks of the cryptographic operations, and situate Sello among adjacent receipt-protocol work (Signet, AgentROA, Agent Passport System, draft-farley-acta, SCITT). We discuss known limitations including the suppression attack, service collusion, and the adoption-incentive problem.

AI审计可信日志安全协议

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