用大模型分析工地工人社交言论，量化安全态度差异。
Listening to the Workforce: Measuring Construction Worker Safety Attitudes from Social Media Discourse Using LLMs
- 构建八维安全态度框架，结合理论与自然话语编码。
- 大模型分类器在450条数据上准确率达98%，跨工种迁移仍保持高精度。
- 可追踪不同安全议题的态度变化，适合安全管理研究者使用。
工人安全态度是决定防护措施是否落实的关键因素，但大规模测量仍具挑战。安全态度多维度、跨话题，最真实地体现在工人自发对话中。本研究提出并验证了建筑安全态度框架（CSAF），包含八维理论结构与操作化编码手册。在Reddit r/Construction社区250篇帖子中，人工编码者达成强一致性（Krippendorff's α = 0.85），八维度间关系经成对提升与条件概率验证为既相关又独立。为实现大规模应用，将CSAF通过大语言模型（LLM）分类器实现。在450条r/Construction内容上，分类器复现专家编码（Cohen's κ = 0.90，精确率0.98，召回率0.98），并在400条r/Roofing内容上实现跨工种迁移（κ = 0.89，精确率0.98，召回率0.97）。进一步案例研究对10,346条r/Roofing内容应用，证明该框架可区分多维度态度、追踪随时间演变趋势，并解析负面态度背后的逻辑。研究提供了一个理论坚实、实证验证的工具，为干预不安全行为背后的态度提供依据。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Worker safety attitudes are key determinants of whether protective practices are applied or bypassed on construction sites. Yet measuring them at scale has remained out of reach. Safety attitudes are multidimensional, vary across topics, and surface most candidly in workers' own conversations. This study created and validated the Construction Safety Attitude Framework (CSAF), which integrates two components: a theory-grounded structure that characterizes safety attitudes along eight dimensions, and an operational codebook for measuring them in worker naturalistic discourse. Applying CSAF to 250 posts and comments from the r/Construction community on Reddit, trained coders reached strong agreement (Krippendorff's α = 0.85). Pairwise lift and conditional probability confirmed that the eight dimensions are related yet distinct. To apply the framework across large volumes of discourse, CSAF was operationalized through a large language model (LLM) classifier. On 450 r/Construction contributions, the classifier reproduced expert human coding (Cohen's \k{appa} = 0.90, precision = 0.98, recall = 0.98), and on 400 contributions from r/Roofing it retained that accuracy after transfer to a different trade community (\k{appa} = 0.89, precision = 0.98, recall = 0.97). A proof-of-value case study then applied the validated classifier to 10,346 contributions from r/Roofing, demonstrating that CSAF can distinguish multidimensional attitudes by safety topic, track how they shift over time, and trace the reasoning behind unfavorable ones. The study therefore provides a theoretically grounded, empirically vetted instrument for examining safety attitudes, offering a basis for targeted interventions that address the attitudes underlying unsafe practices.
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