arXiv:2606.04473cs.LGcs.AI2026-06

为在线快棋设计分段评级的预测模型,精准捕捉人类走法、思考时间和胜负结果。

ChessMimic: Per-Rating Transformer Models for Human Move, Clock, and Outcome Prediction in Online Blitz Chess

论文配图:ChessMimic: Per-Rating Transformer Models for Human Move, Clock, and Outcome Prediction in Online Blitz Chess
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 按每100埃洛分段训练独立小规模变压器,提升不同水平玩家的预测精度。
  • 走法预测准确率超越Maia-2,在900万参数下接近Maia-3-23M性能。
  • 适合对人类行为建模、快棋策略分析与棋手能力评估的研究者使用。

我们提出ChessMimic,一套由三个小型编码器变压器组成的系统,分别用于走法、思考时间与胜负结果的预测,输入包括当前局面、近期走法历史、玩家等级分和计时状态。每个模型按每100埃洛等级分区间独立训练,以换取更精细的技能校准。在保留一个月的Lichess有等级分快棋数据上,其走法预测准确率在所有等级段均优于Maia-2;相比Maia-3,900万参数模型的性能介于Maia-3-5M与Maia-3-23M之间,且无需几何注意力偏置。此外,胜负预测模型结合局面、等级分、时间控制与剩余时间,获得0.78的外样本AUC,优于Maia-2及基于子力、等级分与计时的逻辑回归。最后,思考时间预测模型在ALLIE风格过滤下取得皮尔逊相关系数0.41、斯皮尔曼等级相关0.50、平均绝对误差4.10秒的成绩,残差主要源于位置桶内尖锐度不足而非整体校准偏差。演示地址:1e4.ai,代码与权重已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We present ChessMimic, a system of three small encoder-only transformers - for move, thinking-time, and outcome prediction - conditioned on the position, recent move history, player rating, and clock state. We fit a separate instance of each model per 100-Elo rating band, trading parameter efficiency for sharper per-skill calibration. On a held-out month-wide slice of Lichess Rated Blitz games ChessMimic's human move prediction accuracy outperforms Maia-2 in every Elo band. Compared to Maia-3, our 9M parameter model's accuracy sits between Maia-3-5M and Maia-3-23M without the additional complexity of Geometric Attention Bias. In addition to the move matching model, we also train a game outcome model that conditions not only on the position, but also player ratings, time control, and remaining clock times. The outcome model achieves an AUC of 0.78 out of sample, beating Maia-2 as well as logistic regressions based on material, ratings, and clock time. Finally, we train a clock model that predicts human thinking times. The clock model provides a usable but non-SOTA per-ply think-time signal under ALLIE-style filters (Pearson r = 0.41, Spearman rho = 0.50, MAE 4.10 s, against ALLIE's reported r = 0.70), with the residual gap concentrated in per-position bucket sharpness rather than bucket-marginal calibration. A public demo is at 1e4.ai and we release code, per-band weights, and the C++ data-filter pipeline code in GitHub.

棋类智能人类行为建模快棋分析

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