提出新方法让模型一次训练就能应对各种数据缺失情况。
Rethinking Incompleteness: Formalizing Protocol Divergence and Train-Once Learning for Robust IMVC

- 用结构差异度量定义数据缺失的不一致性问题。
- 发现完整样本占比低于阈值时模型性能接近随机。
- 设计CRAFT架构,无需重训即可泛化到多种缺失模式。
标准的多视图分类评估对不同缺失配置分别训练模型,但这种范式掩盖了根本性缺陷:仅用缺失率无法刻画数据不完整性。我们发现,相同名义缺失率下,完全观测样本比例可相差达50倍,导致截然不同的学习环境。为此,我们形式化该现象为不完整性分歧,并提出度量以捕捉缺失协议间的结构差异。进一步证明,在一类基于重构的目标函数下,当完全样本比例低于临界阈值时,学习问题结构上病态,性能趋近随机。为突破此理论限制,我们提出CRAFT(完整数据鲁棒注意力掩码融合变压器):通过两个关键特性——每样本独立性(消除对完整样本共现的依赖)、掩码感知变长融合(仅通过注意力掩码聚合可观测视图),使单一模型在完整数据上训练一次后,即可在推理时泛化至多样缺失模式,无需重训。七个基准测试表明,CRAFT在性能上匹配或超越逐配置基线,同时将训练开销降低8.8倍,验证了鲁棒性可作为架构固有属性实现。代码与imvc-audit工具包见附录。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Standard IMVC evaluation retrains separate models for different missing-data configurations. We show that this paradigm obscures a fundamental vulnerability: missing rate alone is insufficient to characterize data incompleteness. Specifically, we show that protocols with identical nominal missing rates can differ by up to $50\times$ in their proportion of fully observed samples, inducing drastically different learning regimes. We formalize this phenomenon as incompleteness divergence, providing measures that capture structural disparities across missing-data protocols. We further prove that for a broad class of reconstruction-based objectives, learning becomes structurally ill-posed when the proportion of complete samples falls below a critical threshold, leading to near-random performance. To bypass this theoretical bound, we propose CRAFT (Complete-data Robust Attention-masked Fusion Transformer). CRAFT shifts the burden of robustness from the loss function to the architecture via two key properties: (i) per-sample independence, which removes reliance on complete-sample co-occurrence, and (ii) mask-aware variable-length fusion, which aggregates only observed views through attention masking. This design allows a single model, trained once on complete data, to generalize to diverse missing patterns at inference time without retraining. Extensive experiments on seven benchmarks show that CRAFT matches or outperforms per-configuration baselines while reducing training overhead by $8.8\times$, demonstrating that robustness to missing data can be achieved as an inherent architectural property. Code (CRAFT) and our imvc-audit toolkit are available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/CRAFT-BF80/ and https://anonymous.4open.science/r/imvc-audit-8263/.
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