Oklch+改进颜色空间,让距离计算更符合人眼感知。
Oklch+: A Three-Parameter Extension of Oklab for Improved Color Difference Prediction

- 对Oklab的明度和饱和度轴做幂变换与压缩处理
- 在3813组色差数据上接近CIEDE2000精度(STRESS=29.09)
- 仅用3个参数,适合设计与插值场景
Oklab及其圆柱形表示Oklch广泛用于插值与设计流程,但其色差预测精度不及CIEDE2000。我们提出Oklch+,在Oklab基础上引入明度轴的幂变换和饱和度轴的Naka-Rushton压缩,以欧氏距离计算转换后的坐标。该函数在[0,1]有界,反映高色度下饱和度敏感性的饱和特性。在包含3,813个超阈值色差对的COMBVD数据集上,Oklch+取得STRESS=29.09,接近CIEDE2000的29.13(差值0.04),且仅需3个参数优化,远少于CIEDE2000的约17个。在保留的BFD-P D65子集(2,028对)上交叉验证确认泛化能力(STRESS=26.14),显著优于Oklab(51.45),在保留集上接近CIEDE2000的24.12。在所有六个COMBVD子集上均显著优于Oklab(47.35)。由于欧氏距离近似感知距离,线性插值在变换空间中实现更高感知均匀性。当前评估限于sRGB中心的COMBVD数据集;高饱和区域的实证观察者判断数据验证尚待未来工作。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Oklab and its cylindrical representation Oklch are widely adopted in interpolation and design workflows as perceptually motivated color spaces, but their color difference prediction accuracy falls short of CIEDE2000. We propose Oklch+, a three-parameter extension of Oklab comprising a power transformation on the L-axis and a Naka-Rushton compression on the C-axis, with Euclidean distance computed in the resulting transformed Oklab coordinates. The Naka-Rushton function is bounded in [0,1], reflecting the saturating nature of chroma sensitivity at high colorimetric values. Evaluated on COMBVD -- 3,813 suprathreshold color difference pairs spanning six independent experimental datasets -- Oklch+ achieves STRESS = 29.09, closely matching CIEDE2000 (29.13; difference = 0.04), using only three parameters optimized against color difference data compared to approximately 17 for CIEDE2000. Cross-validation on a held-out BFD-P D65 subset (2,028 pairs) confirms generalization (STRESS = 26.14), with Oklch+ substantially outperforming Oklab (51.45) and achieving STRESS comparable to CIEDE2000 (24.12) on the held-out set. Improvement over Oklab (47.35) is confirmed across all six COMBVD sub-datasets. Because Oklch+ defines a coordinate system in which Euclidean distance approximates perceptual distance, linear interpolation in the transformed space offers substantially improved perceptual uniformity relative to Oklab. Current evaluation is limited to the sRGB-centered COMBVD dataset; validation in high-chroma regions with empirical observer-rated discrimination data remains future work.
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