通过解剖结构定位提升CT病灶分类,让模型判断更准确且可解释。
ORACLE-CT: Anatomy-Aware Support Pooling for CT Classification

- 用器官分割定义特定病灶支持区域,仅在相关部位聚合特征。
- 相比全局平均池化,多数据集上分类性能提升显著,最高增益达0.038 AUROC。
- 适合追求可解释性与跨中心泛化的医学影像分类研究者。
腹部CT疾病分类面临挑战:每例扫描为大型3D体数据,可能包含多种异常,但诊断证据常局限于特定器官或解剖区域。现有研究级分类器多采用无解剖感知的池化或注意力机制,导致局部病变证据与全局聚合不匹配。本文提出ORACLE-CT,一种编码器无关的解剖感知聚合框架,利用多器官分割生成标签相关的解剖支持区域,并将注意力池化限制在相关区域。该框架支持单器官、多器官并集、对比、局部及全局支持策略。在MERLIN数据集上,使用DINOv3、I3D-ResNet-121和放射科专用Pillar-0三种编码器进行端到端训练,并在内部评估及冻结外部迁移至Duke-Abdomen和AMOS数据集。相比全局平均池化,支持掩码池化使DINOv3在MERLIN上的宏平均AUROC/AUPRC从0.838/0.638提升至0.858/0.676,I3D-ResNet-121从0.829/0.617提升至0.848/0.659。在统一的10标签外部评估中,DINOv3在Duke-Abdomen上从0.802/0.628提升至0.835/0.683,在AMOS上从0.742/0.313提升至0.762/0.350,I3D-ResNet-121表现类似。Pillar-0模型主要受益于学习的注意力机制,解剖掩码带来的增益较小。ORACLE-CT提升了判别能力与外部泛化性,同时保持预测与解剖证据之间的可追溯关联。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Abdominal CT disease classification is challenging because each scan is a large 3D volume with many possible findings, while diagnostic evidence is often confined to specific organs or anatomical compartments. Most study-level classifiers aggregate encoder features using anatomy-agnostic pooling or attention, creating a mismatch between localized disease evidence and global evidence aggregation. We propose ORACLE--CT, an encoder-agnostic anatomy-aware aggregation framework that uses multi-organ segmentation to define label-specific anatomical supports and restrict attention pooling to relevant regions. The framework supports single-organ, multi-organ union, comparative, localized, and global support strategies. We evaluate ORACLE--CT with three encoder families: DINOv3, I3D--ResNet-121, and the radiology-native Pillar--0 encoder. Models are trained end-to-end on MERLIN and evaluated internally and under frozen external transfer to Duke--Abdomen and AMOS. Compared with global average pooling, support-masked pooling improved MERLIN macro-AUROC/AUPRC from 0.838/0.638 to 0.858/0.676 for DINOv3 and from 0.829/0.617 to 0.848/0.659 for I3D--ResNet-121. On harmonized 10-label external evaluation, DINOv3 improved on Duke--Abdomen from 0.802/0.628 to 0.835/0.683 and on AMOS from 0.742/0.313 to 0.762/0.350, with similar gains for I3D--ResNet-121. For Pillar--0, most gains came from learned attention, with smaller additional benefit from anatomical masking. ORACLE--CT improves discrimination and external robustness while preserving an auditable link between predictions and anatomical evidence.
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