arXiv:2606.05609cs.CRcs.AI2026-06被引 2

发现大模型提示词插入位置影响越狱成功率,提出新方法提升攻击效果。

SlotGCG: Exploiting the Positional Vulnerability in LLMs for Jailbreak Attacks

论文配图:SlotGCG: Exploiting the Positional Vulnerability in LLMs for Jailbreak Attacks
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过评估提示词中不同插入位置的漏洞程度,选择最易攻破的位置。
  • 相比传统方法,攻击成功率提升14%,且对防御机制更具鲁棒性。
  • 可兼容任意优化类攻击,额外计算仅需200毫秒,适合快速部署。

随着大语言模型广泛应用,识别其越狱漏洞变得愈发关键。现有基于优化的攻击(如贪婪坐标梯度,GCG)通常将对抗性令牌固定插入提示末尾,限制了对其他插入位置的探索。本文实证研究了提示词中可插入的候选位置(即“槽位”),发现越狱漏洞与槽位选择密切相关。为此,我们提出‘易损槽位评分’(VSS)量化位置漏洞程度,并设计SlotGCG:先用VSS评估所有槽位,选取最脆弱位置进行针对性优化攻击。该方法具备攻击无关性,可无缝接入任意优化型攻击,仅增加200毫秒预处理时间。实验表明,SlotGCG在多个模型上显著优于现有方法,攻击成功率比基于GCG的方法高出14%,收敛更快,且面对防御手段时仍保持42%更高的成功率。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

As large language models (LLMs) are widely deployed, identifying their vulnerability through jailbreak attacks becomes increasingly critical. Optimization-based attacks like Greedy Coordinate Gradient (GCG) have focused on inserting adversarial tokens to the end of prompts. However, GCG restricts adversarial tokens to a fixed insertion point (typically the prompt suffix), leaving the effect of inserting tokens at other positions unexplored. In this paper, we empirically investigate \emph{slots}, i.e., candidate positions within a prompt where tokens can be inserted. We find that vulnerability to jailbreaking is highly related to the selection of the \emph{slots}. Based on these findings, we introduce the \textit{Vulnerable Slot Score} (VSS) to quantify the positional vulnerability to jailbreaking. We then propose SlotGCG, which evaluates all slots with VSS, selects the most vulnerable slots for insertion, and runs a targeted optimization attack at those slots. Our approach provides a position-search mechanism that is attack-agnostic and can be plugged into any optimization-based attack, adding only 200ms of preprocessing time. Experiments across multiple models demonstrate that SlotGCG significantly outperforms existing methods. Specifically, it achieves 14\% higher Attack Success Rates (ASR) over GCG-based attacks, converges faster, and shows superior robustness against defense methods with 42\% higher ASR than baseline approaches. Our implementation is available at \href{https://github.com/youai058/SlotGCG}{https://github.com/youai058/SlotGCG}

越狱攻击提示工程漏洞挖掘

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