arXiv:2606.05901cs.CLcs.AI2026-06

用简单图结构减少大模型问答幻觉,提升事实准确性。

Reducing Hallucinations in Complex Question Answering using Simple Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (long version)

  • 构建轻量图结构辅助检索增强生成,支持多工具协同
  • 幻觉答案减少50%,事实正确率显著提升
  • 适合需要高可信度问答的场景,如知识密集型应用

大型语言模型(LLMs)虽已重塑自然语言处理格局,但仍易产生错误。检索增强生成(RAG)系统被广泛采用,以降低模型‘幻觉’风险,并在不进行昂贵微调的前提下实现对专有信息的推理与问答。本文提出一种基于轻量图结构的RAG方案,采用简洁图模式,在由精选英文维基百科条目构成的结构化数据集上,部署具备多种向量搜索与图查询工具的智能体系统。在复杂问答基准MoNaCo上的评估表明,引入图工具可显著提高事实正确性的精确率与召回率,使幻觉答案数量减半,并在三项对比场景中取得最高细粒度真实度评分,仅带来适度的令牌消耗增加。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models (LLMs) have fundamentally transformed the landscape of Natural Language Processing (NLP), although they remain susceptible to errors. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have emerged as a common deployment scenario seeking to both avoid the well known risk of the LLM ``hallucinating'' information, and to enable reasoning and question answering over proprietary information that the LLM did not have access to during training without resorting to expensive model fine-tuning. In this work, we explore the idea of using a lightweight graph structure with a relatively simple graph schema, to support the RAG subsystem via a dedicated toolset. We design an agentic system with a variety of vector search and graph query tools operating over a structured dataset based on a curated subset of English Wikipedia articles, and evaluate its performance on questions from MoNaCo, a challenging Wikipedia based benchmark of complex question answering (QA) tasks. Our results show that the introduction of graph-based tools can significantly increase the precision and recall of factual correctness, can halve the number of hallucinated answers, and achieves the highest fine-grained truthfulness score among the three evaluated scenarios. All this with a modest increase in token usage.

大模型幻觉抑制RAG知识图谱

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