arXiv:2606.06077cs.ROcs.LG2026-06

用生成模型替代高耗时水下流场模拟,实现快速智能路径规划。

3D Underwater Path Planning via Generative Flow Field Surrogates

论文配图:3D Underwater Path Planning via Generative Flow Field Surrogates
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 构建两个条件生成对抗网络,从操作参数生成三维流场数据。
  • 生成模型推理仅需28-146微秒,比传统模拟快数小时。
  • 在复杂流场中可减少超77%高速区域穿越,节能5.7%-12.5%。

自主水下航行器(AUV)在运动母船船体间发射与回收,需穿越复杂的三维螺旋桨尾流,其水动力结构无法用均匀流模型描述。高保真雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯(RANS)计算流体力学(CFD)模拟虽能精确解析,但计算成本过高,难以用于船上实时规划。本文通过集成两种条件生成对抗网络(cGAN)——正则化PatchGAN与带自注意力的2D3DGAN——作为RANS CFD数据的即插即用替代品,嵌入三维能量加权A*路径规划框架。二者均基于分层管道,仅凭标量运行条件输入即可合成完整$128^3$体素流场,端到端推理时间约28-146 $μ$s,远低于单次RANS计算的数小时。我们在550种不同流况下生成19,800条独立轨迹,对比四种环境知识水平:均匀流、真实CFD、PatchGAN与2D3DGAN~SA。结果显示,使用真实CFD流场信息可使能耗降低5.7%-12.5%,并减少高达77.8%的高速尾流核心遭遇;两种cGAN代理模型恢复了约45%-60%的节能与避障优势,且推理速度适合边缘设备部署。这是首个系统量化cGAN预测水动力场在三维海洋机器人路径规划中下游价值的研究。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) launch and recovery (LAR) into the hull of an advancing host platform requires traversal of a complex, three-dimensional propeller wake whose hydrodynamic structure cannot be characterised by a uniform current model. High-fidelity Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations resolve this structure with sufficient accuracy for path planning, but their computational cost renders them impractical for onboard use. We address this gap by integrating two conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) architectures -- a regularised PatchGAN and a 2D3DGAN with self-attention -- as drop-in replacements for RANS CFD data within a three-dimensional, energy-weighted A* path planning framework. Both generators are driven by a hierarchical pipeline that synthesises full $128^3$ voxel flow field volumes from scalar operating condition inputs alone, with end-to-end inference times of approximately 28-146 $μ$s, compared to hours for a single RANS computation. We benchmark all four environmental knowledge levels: uniform current, ground-truth CFD, PatchGAN, and 2D3DGAN~SA across 19,800 independently generated trajectories spanning 550 distinct flow conditions. Full CFD wake knowledge reduces energy expenditure by 5.7-12.5% and high-velocity wake-core encounters by up to 77.8% relative to uniform-current planning, with both benefits scaling with operating severity. The cGAN surrogates recover approximately 45-60% of the CFD energy benefit and high-velocity cell avoidance benefit while operating at inference speeds compatible with edge device use. These results provide the first systematic quantification of the downstream path planning value of cGAN-predicted hydrodynamic fields in a three-dimensional maritime robotics application.

路径规划生成模型水下机器人CFD替代

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