TAM让机器人在不同硬件上稳定执行复杂操作,无需重新训练。
TAM: Torque Adaptation Module for Robust Motion Transfer in Manipulation

- 通过学习修正扭矩指令,自动补偿不同机器人的动力学差异。
- 零样本迁移至真实机械臂,在推箱、翻转等任务中成功率显著提升。
- 通用性强,可适配不同策略与动作空间,无需实机数据微调。
针对同一类机器人因仿真到现实的差距、未知负载或个体差异导致策略表现不一的问题,本文提出扭矩自适应模块(TAM)。TAM位于低层控制器与电机扭矩接口之间,利用本体感知历史编码生成隐状态,并计算残差扭矩修正。该模块仅依赖本体信息,不依赖策略观测或动作空间,因此可复用于关节目标、末端目标或直接扭矩策略。训练阶段完全在随机化仿真中完成,通过多机器人预训练和单机器人微调实现,无需真实数据。在真实Franka Panda机械臂上评估,TAM在视觉引导的推箱、基于行为克隆的翻转及模型预测控制的球板平衡任务中实现零样本迁移,性能优于在线系统辨识与现有基线方法,显著提升动态操作鲁棒性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
A policy tuned for one robot often behaves differently on another, whether due to the sim-to-real gap, unknown payloads, or the differing dynamics of two instances of the same robot. In contact-rich, dynamic manipulation, even small motion discrepancies can result in failure to track reference motion, since they disrupt the timing and modes of contact. Common remedies, such as domain randomization or system identification, either produce overly conservative task policies or require data that must be recollected for each robot or payload. We introduce the Torque Adaptation Module (TAM), a learned module that adapts the torque commands sent to the robot to match the behavior of an ideal robot. TAM operates between the low-level controller that tracks the policy's actions and the robot's torque interface. It includes a history encoder that embeds proprioceptive history into a latent state and a torque adaptor that computes residual torque corrections. Because TAM depends only on proprioceptive history and not on policy observations, or the action space, the same TAM weights can be reused to adapt policies with different action spaces (joint targets, end-effector targets, or direct torques). The policies themselves do not need to be trained with domain randomization of robot parameters. Instead, we offload the need for domain randomization to TAM by training it entirely in randomized simulation, using multi-robot pretraining followed by a robot-specific fine-tuning step that still requires no real-robot data. We evaluate TAM zero-shot on a real Franka Panda robot across dynamic manipulation tasks that include a vision-based box pushing policy (from RL), a flip policy (from BC), and an MPC ball-on-plate balancing. Our experiments show that TAM improves zero-shot real-robot execution compared to online system identification and RMA baselines and enables robust dynamic manipulation performance.
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