新内容冷启动推荐难题,用不对称图结构解决。
Bridging the Semantic-Collaborative Gap: An Asymmetric Graph Architecture for Cold-Start Item Recommendation

- 左端设备塔用历史行为传递信号,右端内容塔仅靠内在特征建模。
- 新内容嵌入效果提升3.2%(相对),推广速度加快17.5%。
- 适合冷启动场景,尤其视频平台内容快速上线需求。
协同过滤与基于图的推荐模型依赖用户交互数据,但在新内容无历史交互时面临冷启动挑战。在Tubi生产检索系统中,新内容需立即生成独立嵌入,且模型须生成适用于近似最近邻检索的设备嵌入。本文将冷启动推荐建模为时间双部图上的归纳式图补全问题。提出Shallow-RHS:一种非对称链接预测架构,左侧设备塔通过有效观看历史消息传递捕捉协同信号;右侧内容塔刻意简化,不使用ID嵌入、内容侧子图、邻居聚合或交互衍生表示,仅从内在特征编码。该设计迫使内容编码器将特征映射到协同过滤感知嵌入空间。训练后,学习到的内容编码器可为热内容与新加入内容生成嵌入,通过检索热替代邻居实现隐式图补全。进一步将同一表征补全原理扩展至设备冷启动,基于人口统计特征构建群体嵌入。大规模线上实验显示,内容冷启动的参与度、推广速度、曝光获取量及设备冷启动参与度均有持续提升。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Collaborative filtering and graph-based recommendation models are highly effective because they leverage observed user interactions, but this dependence creates a fundamental cold-start challenge when newly added content has no interaction history. In Tubi's production retrieval system, this challenge is further constrained by the serving interface: new content must be assigned a standalone embedding immediately, and the model must also produce device embeddings suitable for approximate nearest-neighbor retrieval. We address this setting by formulating cold-start recommendation as an inductive graph-completion problem on a temporal bipartite device-content graph. We propose Shallow-RHS, an asymmetric link-prediction architecture in which the left-hand side (LHS) device tower leverages temporally valid watch-history message passing to capture collaborative signals, while the right-hand side (RHS) content tower is intentionally shallow with respect to the graph and encodes content solely from intrinsic features. The RHS tower does not use ID-based embeddings, content-side subgraphs, neighbor aggregation, or interaction-derived representations, forcing the content encoder to map intrinsic features into a collaborative-filtering-aware embedding space. After training, the learned content encoder generates embeddings for both warm and newly ingested content, enabling implicit graph completion through retrieval of warm surrogate neighbors. We further extend the same representation-completion principle to device cold-start by constructing cohort-based embeddings from demographic features. Large-scale online experiments demonstrate consistent relative improvements in content cold-start engagement, promotion speed, impression acquisition, and device cold-start engagement.
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