arXiv:2606.06323cs.RO2026-06

让机器人模仿人类动作时提速,关键在于智能识别该快还是该慢。

VOLT: Vision and Language Trajectory Segmentation for Faster-than-Demonstration Policies

论文配图:VOLT: Vision and Language Trajectory Segmentation for Faster-than-Demonstration Policies
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于视觉与语言分析视频示范,判断哪些动作可加速、哪些需谨慎
  • 相比直接整体提速,本方法使任务执行速度提升30%且成功率更高
  • 适合工业场景中需要快速精准操作的机器人学习任务

人类演示任务通常比机器人执行耗时更长。为实现更快执行,本文研究了超越示范速度的策略。实验表明,对示范数据进行下采样训练是最有效方法。但均匀下采样可能影响精度,某些环节如物体交互需精细操作。为此提出VOLT——一种视觉与语言联合的轨迹分割方法,通过分析视频示范中的上下文线索,识别需慢速的段落,仅对安全加速部分进行下采样。生成的新轨迹可适配标准模仿学习(如扩散策略)。结果表明分割质量至关重要,基线方法常误判加速时机,导致过于保守或不可靠。相比现有最优方法,VOLT使机器人在保持高成功率前提下显著提速。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Humans often take longer to demonstrate a task than a robot would need to execute it. Rather than learning to replicate the demonstration at the same pace, many industrial and practical applications require robots to perform tasks as quickly as possible. In this paper, we investigate several hypotheses for learning policies that operate faster-than-demonstrations. Our experiments show that the most effective strategy is to downsample recorded demonstrations and train the robot's policy on this accelerated data. However, uniformly downsampling an entire trajectory can be problematic. Some parts of a task can be safely sped up (e.g., unconstrained motion), while others demand slower, more precise motion (e.g., object interactions or fine manipulation). To address this challenge, we introduce VOLT, a vision-and-language trajectory segmentation method that reasons over video demonstrations, and leverages contextual cues to determine when acceleration is appropriate and when careful precision is required. VOLT identifies segments where slow, deliberate motion is necessary, then selectively downsamples the remaining segments. The resulting reformatted trajectories can be used with standard imitation learning approaches, such as diffusion policies. Our results highlight that segmentation quality is critical---baseline methods often misidentify when acceleration is possible, leading to overly cautious or unreliable policies. Compared to state-of-the-art alternatives, VOLT allows robots to execute tasks faster while maintaining strong performance. See our project website: https://volt2026.github.io/VOLT2026

轨迹分割模仿学习机器人控制

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