arXiv:2606.06565cs.GRcs.HC2026-06被引 1

根据角色距离动态调整模型精度,节省算力同时保持动画质量。

AI Level of Detail: Distance-Aware ML Model Precision Selection for Real-Time Human Motion Prediction in Games

  • 按玩家与角色距离切换高/中/低精度模型,实现推理时的智能降维。
  • 在CMU动作捕捉数据集上验证,各精度层级在指定距离内无感知画质损失。
  • 适合实时游戏引擎中的AI角色动画,尤其关注性能优化的开发者。

现代游戏引擎大量计算用于驱动非玩家角色(NPC)的基于学习的动作模型。本文提出AI等级细节(AI LOD)框架,根据每个NPC与玩家摄像机的距离动态调整机器学习推理精度。核心思想借鉴经典几何层次细节(LOD):在视觉差异不可察觉处用更廉价的近似替代。此处的近似是低精度量化模型,而非低多边形网格。本工作的贡献在于提出‘推理时量化可作为AI驱动角色动画的LOD轴’这一概念,更广泛适用于任何感知敏感度随上下文变化的AI运行时系统。以Li等人提出的卷积序列到序列模型为例,将其训练检查点导出为三种ONNX Runtime版本(FP32、FP16、INT8每张量),由距离驱动的选择器在运行时调度。在CMU Mocap数据集上的评估表明,各精度层级可在其分配的距离范围内被使用,且感知退化可忽略,支持距离感知的机器学习模型精度选择作为可行的AI角色动画LOD策略。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Modern game engines spend significant compute animating NPCs with learned motion models. This paper proposes AI Level of Detail (AI LOD), a framework in which machine learning inference precision is adapted based on the distance between each NPC and the player camera. The core idea mirrors classical geometry LOD: substitute a cheaper approximation where the difference is imperceptible. Here, the approximation is a lower-precision quantized machine learning model rather than a lower-polygon mesh. The contribution of this work is the AI LOD concept itself: that inference-time quantization can serve as the LOD axis for AI-driven character animation - and more broadly, for any AI-based runtime system where perceptual sensitivity varies with context. The convolutional sequence-to-sequence model of Li et al. is used as a representative example to demonstrate the concept, with its trained checkpoint exported into three ONNX Runtime variants (FP32, FP16, and INT8 per-tensor), intended to be routed by a distance-based selector at runtime. Evaluation on the CMU Mocap dataset provides initial evidence that each precision tier can be served at its assigned distance range with negligible perceptible degradation, supporting the broader premise that distance-aware ML model precision selection is a viable LOD strategy for AI-based character animation.

游戏AI模型量化实时渲染运动预测

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