提出动态匹配新框架,让双方在时间中逐步了解彼此,提升匹配效率。
Learn to Match: Two-Sided Matching with Temporally Extended Feedback

- 构建带时间延展反馈的马尔可夫博弈模型,模拟真实匹配过程
- 多智能体强化学习优于传统方法,社会福利更高但信息摩擦仍存
- 适合研究动态匹配、多智能体决策与算法公平性的学者
双面匹配市场中,信息常通过面试、反复互动和分离逐步揭示。现有模型多简化为即时高斯反馈,忽略了信息随时间演化的现实。本文提出包含时间延展反馈的框架,将双面匹配建模为部分可观测马尔可夫博弈,包含代价高昂的预匹配筛选、噪声后匹配观测、动态演化隐含偏好以及内生延续或解散机制。我们构建了 Learn2Match,一个支持去中心化决策(何时面试、匹配谁、何时解除)的多智能体强化学习基准。评估指标包括后悔值、社会福利和信息摩擦损失(衡量隐含偏好未完全揭示导致的福利差距)。实验表明,在时间延展反馈下,独立PPO策略的累积社会福利高于基线CA-ETC,且累积后悔更低,但信息摩擦损失仍较高,说明端到端MARL尚未具备匹配-探索结构的协同性。该结果确立了Learn2Match作为下一代匹配算法开发的基准:兼具强化学习的适应性、贝叶斯推断的统计严谨性与稳定匹配机制的结构性认知。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Two-sided matching markets often involve information that unfolds over time through interviews, repeated interaction, learning, and separation. Existing matching models typically reduce this process to immediate sub-Gaussian feedback about fixed preferences, missing settings where payoff-relevant information is revealed gradually and changes future matching decisions. We introduce a framework with temporally extended feedback, that formulates two-sided matching as a partially observable Markov game with costly pre-match screening, noisy post-match observations, evolving latent profiles, and endogenous continuation or dissolution. We instantiate this framework in Learn2Match, a multi-agent reinforcement-learning benchmark for dynamic matching markets. Learn2Match supports decentralized decision making over whom to interview, whom to match with, and when to dissolve a match, while evaluating policies using regret, social welfare, and an information-friction loss that measures the welfare gap caused by incomplete revelation of latent preferences. We find that independent PPO achieves higher cumulative social welfare and lower cumulative regret than the bandit-style CA-ETC baseline under temporally extended feedback, demonstrating the promise of MARL for dynamic matching markets. However, PPO still incurs higher information-friction loss, revealing that end-to-end MARL does not yet provide the coordinated exploration structure of matching-bandit methods. These results position Learn2Match as a benchmark for developing the next generation of matching-market algorithms: methods that are adaptive like RL agents, statistically disciplined like bandit algorithms, and structurally aware like stable-matching mechanisms. Please refer to https://sites.google.com/view/learn-to-match/home for the official website and the code link.
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