arXiv:2606.06983eess.IVcs.AI2026-06

DaX通过自监督学习实现跨尺度病理图像通用表征,提升诊断与预后预测性能。

DaX: Learning General Pathology Representations Across Scales

论文配图:DaX: Learning General Pathology Representations Across Scales
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于DINOv3架构,融合多尺度组织视图与抗干扰增强策略。
  • 在161项临床任务中平均表现最优,涵盖28,182名患者与34,394张切片。
  • 适合需要高泛化能力的病理分析场景,如癌症分型与分子特征预测。

计算病理学需要能够跨多种临床终点迁移,并对放大倍率、染色、扫描仪类型、制片方式和输入分辨率变化保持鲁棒的视觉表征。我们提出DaX,一种适配全切片病理图像的病理视觉基础模型,其基于自然图像的DINOv3权重初始化,并引入连续放大倍率训练、跨尺度组织视图、无方向性与采集鲁棒性增强、多输入尺寸训练及格拉姆锚定密集一致性设计。这些方法旨在连接局部细胞形态与全局组织结构,同时稳定不同尺度下的密集标记级表征。我们进一步构建了一个覆盖44个公开数据集的全切片图像(WSI)级基准,包含161项临床有意义任务,涵盖28,182名患者和34,394张切片,横跨四个临床领域与九类任务。所有模型均在固定患者级交叉验证协议下评估,采用折级统计排名,实现可复现的比较,降低对数据划分依赖。在该基准上,DaX在任务均值表现最高,且任务级排名持续领先,性能提升覆盖诊断病理、生物标志物与分子谱型、组织/样本上下文以及风险、反应与预后等方向。结果表明,DaX可作为可迁移的病理视觉编码器,并为未来病理基础模型提供标准化评估框架。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Computational pathology requires visual representations that transfer across diverse clinical endpoints and remain robust to variation in magnification, staining, scanner type, slide preparation, and input resolution. We present DaX, a pathology vision foundation model that adapts DINOv3-style self-supervised learning to whole-slide histopathology. DaX is initialized from natural-image DINOv3 weights and incorporates continuous magnification training, cross-scale tissue views, orientation-agnostic and acquisition-robust augmentation, multi-input-size training, and Gram-anchored dense consistency. These designs aim to connect local cellular morphology with global tissue architecture while stabilizing dense token-level representations across input scales. We further construct a WSI-level benchmark comprising 161 clinically meaningful tasks from 44 public datasets, covering 28,182 patients and 34,394 slides across four clinical domains and nine task categories. All models are evaluated under a fixed patient-level cross-validation protocol with fold-level statistical ranking, enabling reproducible comparisons that are less sensitive to split-dependent variation. Across this benchmark, DaX achieves the highest mean performance across tasks and consistently strong task-level ranking scores, with gains spanning diagnostic pathology, biomarker and molecular profiling, tissue/specimen context, and risk, response, and prognosis. These results support DaX as a transferable visual encoder for computational pathology and provide a standardized evaluation framework for future pathology foundation models. Project page: https://alibaba-damo-academy.github.io/DaX/benchboard/.

病理图像自监督学习基础模型跨尺度表征

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