研究女性就业对发展中国家生育率的影响，发现地区差异显著。
The discovery of the effects of women employment participation on the fertility of developing countries: A panel data approach
- 按四大洲分组，用面板数据模型分析女性就业与生育率关系。
- 美洲女性生育受职业选择影响明显，其他地区因素更复杂。
- 政策制定可参考此结果，关注家庭政策与婚姻居住模式。
过去几十年间，发展中国家的生育率显著下降，同时女性在职场中的参与度不断提高。为深入理解女性劳动力市场参与率对全球发展中国家总生育率的因果影响，本文将1991-2018年间115个发展中国家的数据按非洲、北美/南美、亚洲/太平洋、欧洲四地区分组，并采用数据驱动的面板数据计量经济方法以缓解遗漏变量偏差。结果显示，北/南美洲女性的生育行为受到其职业选择的显著影响；而在其他地区，影响生育决策的因素可能更为多元。结论指出，政策制定者可参考本研究制定更具激励性的生育支持政策，未来研究应重点关注发展中国家的家庭政策与父系居住习俗等关键变量。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The fertility trend in developing countries has experienced a significant decline in the last few decades; at the same time, the role of women in the workplace has improved. To have a better insight of the causality of the rate of women participation in the labor market on the total fertility rate in developing world, this paper divides the dataset of 115 developing countries in the period of 1991-2018 into four continents group (Africa, North/South America, Asia/Pacific, Europe) and then applies a data-driven panel data econometric procedure to mitigate omitted bias. The results suggest that the fertility behaviors of women in the North/South America continents are influenced by their career choice; meanwhile in society of other regions, other factors might be more important to women when thinking of having children. In conclusion, policymakers can reference to the paper and formulate policies to have more incentives in making reproductive decisions and further research in the field needs to consider family policies and patrilocality of developing countries as important data.
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