用超图结构分离键值,让多跳检索更连贯准确。
HKVM-RAG: Key-Value-Separated Hypergraph Evidence Organization for Multi-Hop RAG

- 将检索结果组织成带键值的超图,用路径信息作检索钥匙。
- 在三个数据集上比ColBERTv2提升超5.9个F1点,最高达11.084。
- 适合需要精准推理链的问答系统,尤其关注证据组织机制。
多跳RAG面临超越段落匹配的数据工程挑战:在固定检索预算下,系统需将检索文本组织为能暴露答案链的证据单元。密集检索器独立评分段落,而基于图的记忆显式建模关联,但常依赖成对或实体中心的键,导致多跳证据碎片化。我们提出HKVM-RAG,一种键值分离的证据组织层。它从缓存的段落级大模型证据元组中构建答案路径超边作为检索键,同时保留段落文本作为答案值。通过固定底座协议,在保持元组缓存、候选段落、阅读器和评估预算不变的前提下,对比成对图与超图变体。加权超图键值检索在2WikiMultiHopQA和MuSiQue上分别优于KG-PPR +3.426和+3.592 F1;HotpotQA显示更高结构支持覆盖率未必带来独立答案F1提升。因此我们将WHG-KV视为证据控制信号而非密集检索替代。最优和训练到开发集分析表明支持选择可修复,一个稠密感知控制器结合冻结的ColBERTv2与HKVM的排名/得分特征,使用交叉验证的HKVM预测。其在三个基准上分别达到88.846、65.073和85.810 F1,较ColBERTv2提升+11.084、+6.763和+5.966 F1。源级消融实验表明,匹配的非WHG结构信号无法达到WHG-KV的增益。这些结果提供了有界证据,证明键值分离的超图组织可作为多跳RAG的可复用证据控制机制。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multi-hop RAG poses a data-engineering problem beyond passage matching: under fixed retrieval budgets, a system must organize retrieved text into evidence units that expose answer chains. Dense retrievers score passages independently, while graph-based memories make associations explicit but often rely on pairwise or entity-centered keys that fragment multi-hop evidence. We present HKVM-RAG, a key-value-separated evidence-organization layer. It assembles answer-path hyperedges from cached passage-level LLM evidence tuples and uses them as retrieval keys, while retaining passage text as answer values. To isolate key-space design, our fixed-substrate protocol holds the tuple cache, candidate passages, reader, and evaluation budget constant across pairwise graph and hypergraph variants. Weighted hypergraph key-value retrieval improves over KG-PPR by +3.426 F1 on 2WikiMultiHopQA and +3.592 F1 on MuSiQue; HotpotQA shows that higher structured support coverage need not yield standalone answer-F1 gains. We therefore study WHG-KV as an evidence-control signal rather than a dense-retrieval replacement. Oracle and train-to-dev analyses identify support selection as repairable, and a dense-aware controller combines frozen ColBERTv2 and HKVM rank/score features using out-of-fold HKVM predictions. It reaches 88.846, 65.073, and 85.810 F1 on the three benchmarks, improving over ColBERTv2 by +11.084, +6.763, and +5.966 F1. Source-level ablations show that matched non-WHG structured signals do not match the WHG-KV gains. These results provide bounded evidence that key-value-separated hypergraph organization can serve as a reusable evidence-control mechanism for multi-hop RAG.
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