让心脏仿真模型持续学习新数据,不遗忘旧知识。
CoMetaPNS: Continually Meta-learning Personalized Neural Surrogates for Cardiac Electrophysiology Simulations

- 用元学习+贝叶斯混合模型实现持续个性化建模
- 在合成数据上预测精度更高,计算更高效
- 适合临床中逐批接收新患者数据的场景
个性化虚拟心脏模拟面临模型个性化与计算成本的挑战。尽管神经代理模型提供先进解决方案,但通常仅解决高效个性化或训练通用模型之一。最新工作通过少量个体特异性上下文数据,利用集合条件代理与元学习的变分推断来学习个性化过程。然而,这些方法假设训练分布静态且多样,并需已知任务标识符。当新数据到来时,它们需用全部历史数据重新训练以避免灾难性遗忘——这在临床中不可行,因数据常以无标签方式顺序到达。本文提出一种新的持续元学习框架,可实现能持续整合信息并识别新数据是否来自已知或未知动态源的个性化神经代理。通过在记忆缓冲区上构建持续贝叶斯高斯混合模型,该框架能推断数据随时间的任务标识与关联关系,满足有效元学习需求。在合成心脏数据上的实证结果表明,相比现有基线,本方法在模拟预测、计算可扩展性和对灾难性遗忘的鲁棒性方面表现更优。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Personalized virtual heart simulations face challenges in model personalization and computational cost. While neural surrogates offer state-of-the-art solutions, they typically address either efficient personalization or training generalizable models. Recent work reframes this by learning the process of personalizing a surrogate using limited subject-specific context data, through few-shot generative modeling with set-conditioned surrogates and meta-learned amortized inference. These methods, however, assume a static and diverse training distribution with known task identifiers. When new data becomes available, they require costly retraining with all prior data to avoid catastrophic forgetting - a phenomena where the model forgets earlier tasks when trained on new ones. This is a major limitation in clinical settings where often unlabeled data arrives sequentially and full retraining is infeasible. This paper presents a new continual meta-learning framework to achieve personalized neural surrogates able to not only continually integrate information but also identify whether incoming data stems from a known or unknown dynamics source. By leveraging a continual Bayesian Gaussian Mixture Model over a memory buffer, our framework can infer the identifiers and relationships of data over time - required for effective meta-learning. Empirical results on synthetic cardiac data demonstrate superior simulation forecasting, computational scalability, and resilience to catastrophic forgetting compared to existing baselines.
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