Poise通过精准放置隐蔽指令,实现高成功率的静默攻击。
Poise: Position-Aware One-Instruction Skill Injection for Silent Execution on LLM Agents

- 在技能文件体中定位一个看似正常的指令,利用上下文生成确保结构合理。
- 在Codex+GPT-5.2上达成89.3%攻击成功率,优于随机放置基线28.0分。
- 攻击后极少触发新风险警报,适合伪装成正常技能的攻防研究。
代理技能扩展通用代理能力,但其开放格式易遭技能污染:被篡改的技能可在完成用户合法任务的同时执行攻击者命令。仅调用不足为据;攻击动作必须在任务验证通过的前提下完成。因此我们定义攻击成功率(ASR)需同时满足后置条件验证的沙箱动作和任务验证器通过。技能文件在预加载但显眼的YAML头部与较长但隐蔽的正文之间存在可靠性-可见性权衡,任意位置插入可能被跳过或局部不一致。我们提出Poise,一种位置感知攻击,利用上下文感知生成,将一条看似无害、携带指令的语句精确放置于结构可行的正文位置。在可注入技能池(codex+gpt-5.2)上,Poise达到89.3%的ASR,较上下文无关的随机放置基线高出28.0点,接近高暴露度YAML-only基线的86.7% ASR。在SkillTester审计下,四位LLM裁判平均错误标记74.6%的干净技能,而仅5.6%的Poise变体相较于对应干净版本新增高风险警报。一个局部合理的、携带命令的正文指令即可达到YAML级可靠性,且极少引入新风险发现。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Agent skills extend general-purpose agents, but their open format enables skill poisoning: a tampered skill can make an agent run an attacker's command while completing the user's legitimate task. Invocation alone is insufficient; the attack-specific action must complete while that task still passes its verifier. We therefore define Attack Success Rate (ASR) to require a postcondition-validated sandbox action and a passing task verifier in the same trial. Skill files expose a reliability-visibility trade-off between a preloaded but conspicuous YAML frontmatter block and a longer body, where arbitrary placement may be skipped or locally incongruent. We introduce Poise, a position-aware attack that uses context-aware generation to place exactly one benign-looking, command-bearing instruction at a structurally feasible body position. On the eligible Skill-Inject pool with codex+gpt-5.2, Poise achieves 89.3\% ASR, 28.0 points above a context-free random-placement body baseline and comparable to the 86.7\% ASR of a high-exposure YAML-only baseline. Under the SkillTester audit, four LLM judges falsely flag 74.6\% of clean skills on average across both benchmarks, while only 5.6\% of Poise variants gain a new high-risk alert over their clean counterparts. One locally plausible, command-bearing body instruction therefore matches YAML-level reliability, while the resulting poisoned skill seldom adds a new high-risk finding over its clean counterpart.
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