arXiv:2606.07999cs.AI2026-06中稿 · ICML

用小模型通过代码重构实现高效技能落地,让机器人在不同环境中稳定执行长任务。

Efficient Skill Grounding via Code Refactoring with Small Language Models

论文配图:Efficient Skill Grounding via Code Refactoring with Small Language Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将技能表示为可执行代码,只改执行绑定不重写代码
  • 在多机器人、动态环境中实现长周期任务稳定执行
  • 小模型表现媲美大模型,适合资源受限的机器人系统

有效技能落地对可复用技能在具身智能体中的部署至关重要,因微小的具身或环境差异即可导致整个技能失效。这一挑战在具身场景中尤为突出,智能体需在动态、部分可观测环境中运行,且无法使用大语言模型(LLMs)。在此背景下,依赖LLMs不切实际,而小语言模型(sLMs)又不足以支持可靠长周期控制所需的技能落地。我们提出RECENT,一种以代码重构为核心的智能体框架,通过解耦技能语义与具身及环境相关的执行绑定,实现sLM下的高效技能落地。通过将技能表示为可执行代码,RECENT保留了技能控制结构中的语义意图,仅通过局部重构修改执行绑定,而非从头生成代码。我们在多种机器人形态、动态环境中的多样技能落地场景下评估RECENT,结果表明其在sLM下展现出鲁棒的长周期性能,所有场景中均优于现有基于sLM的Code-as-Policies(CaP)方法,并达到与基于LLM的CaP相当的任务表现。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Effective skill grounding is essential for deploying reusable skills in embodied agents, as even minor embodiment or environmental differences can render an entire skill incompatible. This challenge is particularly pronounced in embodied settings, where agents must operate in dynamic, partially observable environments without access to large language models (LLMs). In this setting, reliance on LLMs is impractical, while small language models (sLMs) remain insufficient for the effective skill grounding required for reliable long-horizon control. We present RECENT, a refactoring-centric agent framework that enables efficient skill grounding with sLMs by decoupling skill semantics from embodiment- and environment-specific execution binding. By representing skills as executable code, RECENT preserves the semantic intent encoded in a skill's control structure while grounding it by modifying only execution bindings through localized refactoring, rather than regenerating code from scratch. We evaluate RECENT across diverse skill grounding scenarios spanning multiple robot embodiments in dynamic environments, demonstrating robust long-horizon performance when deployed with an sLM. Across all scenarios, RECENT achieves the best performance among sLM-based Code-as-Policies (CaP) methods and matches the task performance of LLM-based CaP.

技能落地小模型代码重构具身智能

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