arXiv:2606.08470cs.RO2026-06

轻量级自动驾驶语言模型,能持续学习并评估决策不确定性。

LUNA-AD: Lightweight Uncertainty-Aware Language Model with Lifelong Learning for Autonomous Driving

论文配图:LUNA-AD: Lightweight Uncertainty-Aware Language Model with Lifelong Learning for Autonomous Driving
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 三系统架构融合多模态推理与轻量化部署
  • 在nuPlan上实现领先成功率且推理延迟显著降低
  • 适合需要安全可控决策的自动驾驶系统研发

尽管大语言模型具备出色的推理能力,但其在安全关键型驾驶系统中的应用受限于推理多样性不足、计算开销高以及静态学习范式。为此,我们提出LUNA-AD——一种面向自动驾驶的轻量级、不确定性感知且支持持续学习的语言模型。该模型采用三系统架构,协调复杂的多模态行为推理、高效部署与持续优化。通过多智能体分析系统,生成基于不确定性的决策示范,探索多种假设。设计双头轻量级启发式模型,统一决策分布与文本解释的推理,支持高效部署。此外,基于反思的持续学习机制作用于多模态决策输出,保持策略多样性,通过闭环反馈优化候选决策与推理过程,提升驾驶鲁棒性。在nuPlan基准上的大量实验表明,LUNA-AD在非反应与反应模式下均达到最先进的成功率,相比现有知识驱动框架显著降低推理延迟。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

While large language models (LLMs) offer promising reasoning capabilities, their integration into safety-critical driving systems is hindered by limited reasoning diversity, high computational overhead, and static learning paradigms. To address these challenges, we propose LUNA-AD, a lightweight uncertainty-aware language model with lifelong learning for autonomous driving (AD). LUNA-AD features a tri-system architecture that reconciles complex multimodal behavioral reasoning, efficient deployment, and continual refinement. We design a multi-agent analytical system to generate uncertainty-aware decision-making demonstrations through diverse hypothesis exploration. A dual-head lightweight heuristic model is distilled to unify the inference of decision distributions and textual explanations while enabling efficient deployment. Furthermore, a reflection-driven lifelong learning mechanism operates on multimodal decision outputs and preserves strategic diversity, allowing for the refinement of candidate decisions and rationales via closed-loop feedback to enhance driving robustness. Extensive experiments on nuPlan benchmarks demonstrate that LUNA-AD achieves state-of-the-art success rates under both non-reactive and reactive modes, with drastically reduced inference latency compared to existing knowledge-driven AD frameworks.

自动驾驶语言模型持续学习不确定性建模

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