无人机用钩子自动抓取运输各类物品,无需人工校准。
Autonomous Aerial Manipulation via Contextual Contrastive Meta Reinforcement Learning

- 用上下文编码器实时感知负载变化,让策略在线自适应
- 通过对比学习增强上下文表征,提升对不同物体的泛化能力
- 纯仿真训练后直接部署于真实无人机,无需调参
无人飞行器在物流和服务机器人等场景中应用日益广泛,对自主载荷抓取与配送的需求持续增长。现有方法多依赖预附载荷或专用夹具,难以应对多样载荷带来的飞行动力学差异,导致端到端自主配送仍面临挑战。为此,本文提出一种基于上下文对比元强化学习的自主空中操作框架(Aco2),使四旋翼无人机配备轻量化挂钩后,可在随机位置间连续完成抓取、运输和交付多种带把手物体的任务,全程无需人工干预。首先设计上下文观测编码器,从近期交互历史中提取紧凑的潜在上下文,实现对负载相关动力学的在线适应;进一步引入对比目标,使上下文嵌入围绕任务相关变化进行结构化,提升在多样化载荷间的泛化性能,且无需显式系统辨识。整个模型在模拟环境中通过大规模域随机化训练,可直接部署于真实四旋翼平台,无需现实世界微调。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being deployed in logistics, service robotics, and other real-world applications, creating a growing demand for autonomous payload acquisition and delivery. Existing approaches typically assume pre-attached payloads or rely on specialized grippers, leaving versatile end-to-end aerial delivery largely unresolved, where different payloads induce highly variable flight dynamics, requiring a single policy to adapt online without manual calibration or explicit system identification. To this end, we study \textbf{A}utonomous \textbf{A}erial Manipulation via \textbf{Co}ntextual \textbf{Co}ntrastive Meta Reinforcement Learning (\textbf{\textit{Aco2}}), a fully autonomous aerial delivery setting in which a quadrotor equipped with a lightweight hook continuously picks up, transports, and delivers diverse handle-equipped objects between randomized locations, all without human intervention. First, we design a contextual observation encoder that infers a compact latent context from recent interaction history, enabling the policy to adapt online to payload-dependent dynamics. To further improve the quality of this context, we introduce a contrastive objective that structures the context embedding around task-relevant variations, improving generalization across diverse payloads without requiring explicit system identification. Trained entirely in simulation with extensive domain randomization, \textit{Aco2} can be directly deployed on a physical quadrotor without real-world fine-tuning.
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