arXiv:2606.08545cs.CLcs.SE2026-06

用大模型自动生成可验证的建筑信息模型规范文件,显著降低人工编写负担。

Ishigaki-IDS: An Open-Weight Verifier-Aware Model for Information Delivery Specification Drafting in Building Information Modeling

论文配图:Ishigaki-IDS: An Open-Weight Verifier-Aware Model for Information Delivery Specification Drafting in Building Information Modeling
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于建筑领域数据微调的大模型,结合外部验证器反馈优化生成结果。
  • 在166个测试用例中,8B模型验证通过率达65.1%,优于最强基线(33.1%)。
  • 实测可减少54.7%工作时间,适合建筑信息建模从业者快速起草规范。

建筑信息模型(BIM)项目需将信息需求转化为可机器校验的《信息交付规范》(IDS)文件以验证模型属性完整性。但当前人工编写IDS仍存在瓶颈:需处理专业术语、严格的XML模式约束及外部验证器兼容性,同时确保需求表达正确。本文提出Ishigaki-IDS,一种专用于验证器感知的开放式权重大模型,通过在BIM/IDS语料上继续预训练、基于需求-IDS配对的监督微调,以及基于外部验证器反馈的强化学习来提升生成质量。目标并非取代专家审查,而是将编写重心从低层XML与模式修复转向可加载验证器的草稿,供从业者检查与修正。在166项专家创建的Ishigaki-IDS-Bench测试中,Ishigaki-IDS-8B获得0.651的IDSAuditPass得分(验证通过率),显著优于最强单次生成基线Claude Opus 4.5的0.331。其审计门控的特征对齐分数(Audit-Gated FacetF1)达0.282。相同方法扩展至14B和32B版本,分别取得IDSAuditPass 0.753 / 0.693 和 Audit-Gated FacetF1 0.392 / 0.369。六名BIM从业者参与的工作流测试显示,使用Ishigaki辅助可使总耗时减少54.7%,在相同验证与对齐目标下实现效率跃升。结果表明,验证器感知的IDS生成能有效减轻将信息需求转化为可审阅规范草案的实际负担。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Building Information Modeling (BIM) projects require information requirements to be described as machine-checkable Information Delivery Specification (IDS) files in order to verify whether building models contain the required attributes. However, IDS authoring remains a practical bottleneck: practitioners must handle domain vocabulary, strict XML schema constraints, and external validator conformance while also checking whether the requirement itself is correctly expressed. We present Ishigaki-IDS, an open-weight LLM specialized for verifier-aware IDS draft generation. The model combines continued pretraining on BIM/IDS corpora, supervised fine-tuning on information-requirement-to-IDS pairs, and reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards from an external validator. The goal is not to replace expert review, but to move IDS authoring from low-level XML and schema repair toward validator-loadable drafts that practitioners can inspect and correct. On the 166-case expert-created Ishigaki-IDS-Bench, Ishigaki-IDS-8B achieves an IDSAuditPass score of 0.651, a validator-pass metric for generated IDS files, substantially outperforming Claude Opus 4.5, the strongest single-shot LLM baseline we evaluated, at 0.331. It also obtains an Audit-Gated FacetF1 of 0.282, which measures requirement-facet alignment among validator-passing drafts. The same recipe scales: 14B and 32B variants reach IDSAuditPass 0.753 / 0.693 and Audit-Gated FacetF1 0.392 / 0.369. In a workflow check with six BIM practitioners, Ishigaki-assisted authoring reduced aggregate work time by 54.7% under the same validation and alignment endpoint. These results suggest that verifier-aware IDS generation can reduce the practical burden of converting BIM information requirements into reviewable IDS drafts.

建筑信息模型大模型应用规范生成智能设计

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