用氦线观测重建早期日冕紫外图像，拓展太阳活动研究时间跨度。
Reconstructing Synthetic SDO/AIA 193 A EUV Images from He I 10830 A Observations with Diffusion Model Translator
- 基于扩散模型，将氦线吸收图像转为合成193Å紫外图像。
- 测试集上保留整体结构相关性0.92，对暗区结构恢复达0.84。
- 适用于前现代时期日冕演化研究，支持跨年代分析。
自现代卫星如SOHO和SDO以来，全盘极紫外（EUV）成像才成为常规手段。为将日冕观测延伸至更早时期，本文利用多十年的全盘 exttt{HeI}观测数据——其吸收受日冕辐射和磁拓扑调制，广泛用于指示开放磁场区域。我们提出一种基于扩散的条件图像翻译框架，即日冕洞感知扩散模型翻译器（CH-aware DMT），从 exttt{HeI}输入重建合成的SDO/AIA 193 Å EUV图像。模型在2011–2015年期间、月度对齐的SOLIS exttt{HeI}与AIA 193 Å数据对上训练，采用月度划分：1–10月用于训练，11月验证，12月测试。在留出测试集上，重建图像保持了主导全盘形态（相关系数=0.92），并恢复了与日冕洞相关的低亮度结构（相关系数=0.84）。进一步通过三方面评估历史适用性：(1) 与2005–2015年期间的SOHO/EIT 195 Å对比重建结果；(2) 将来自KPVT exttt{HeI}的重建图像与Yohkoh/SXT软X射线观测比对；(3) 评估长期重建的全盘积分发射量统计与观测的EUV序列及独立太阳活动代理（太阳黑子数与F10.7射电通量，1974–2015）的一致性。结果表明，以 exttt{HeI}为条件的CH-aware DMT可提供物理合理的合成AIA 193 Å日冕代理，支持在直接紫外成像出现前的多十年日冕大尺度演化分析。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Routine full-disk EUV imaging has been available only since the modern era, such as SOHO and SDO. To extend EUV coronal context into earlier periods, we leverage the multi-decade availability of full-disk \HeI{} observations, whose absorption is modulated by coronal irradiance and magnetic topology and is widely used as a proxy for open-field regions. We present a diffusion-based conditional image translation framework, Coronal Hole-aware Diffusion Model Translator (CH-aware DMT), to reconstruct synthetic SDO/AIA 193 Å EUV images from \HeI{} inputs. The model is trained on temporally co-aligned SOLIS \HeI{} and AIA 193 Å pairs spanning 2011--2015 using a month-based split, where January--October are used for training, November is used for validation, and December for testing. On the held-out test set, the reconstructions preserve dominant full-disk EUV morphology (CC=0.92) and recover CH-related low-intensity structure (CC=0.84). We further assess historical applicability by (1) comparing reconstructed AIA 193 Å morphology with SOHO/EIT 195 Å over 2005--2015; (2) comparing reconstructed AIA 193 Å images generated from KPVT \HeI{} inputs against Yohkoh/SXT soft X-ray observations; and (3) evaluating long-term reconstructed disk-integrated emission statistics against observational EUV series and independent solar activity proxies (sunspot number and F10.7 radio flux over 1974--2015). These results indicate that CH-aware DMT conditioned on \HeI{} can provide a physically plausible synthetic AIA 193 Å coronal proxy for historical studies, supporting multi-decade analyses of large-scale coronal evolution before the direct EUV imaging was available.
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