单块STGCN在交通预测中表现最佳,大幅降低计算开销。
Efficient Traffic Prediction at Scale: A Systematic Study of STGCN Architectural Depth
- 用1、2、3块结构对比实验,发现单块模型性能最优
- 单块模型在10分钟预测上三数据集表现最好,误差仅增1.8%
- 双块模型推理延迟高61%,适合资源受限的智能交通系统
时空图神经网络(STGNN)已成为交通预测的主流方法,但其计算开销限制了在智能交通系统(ITS)中的实际部署。本文以广泛应用的时空图卷积网络(STGCN)为例,系统比较了1块、2块(标准)和3块结构在四个不同交通数据集上的表现。结果表明,单块架构在三个数据集上对短时预测(10分钟)表现最优,且在更长时程下相对误差增加不超过1.8%;而双块模型相比单块,CPU推理延迟高出61%,吞吐量下降37%;三块结构计算成本翻倍,性能提升不足0.5%。研究暗示,2块结构可能对多数应用过度参数化,对系统部署与效率基准测试均有启示。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Spatio-temporal graph neural networks (STGNNs) have become the dominant approach for traffic prediction, yet their computational requirements pose challenges for practical deployment in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). While recent work has proposed efficient alternatives to STGNNs, a fundamental question remains unexplored: are these architectures themselves over-parameterised? We examine this question using the Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (STGCN), one of the most widely adopted models in this domain. Through systematic experiments across four diverse traffic datasets, we compare 1-block, 2-block (standard), and 3-block STGCN variants. Our findings reveal that the single-block architecture achieves optimal performance for short-term prediction (10 mins) on three of four datasets, while incurring only marginal degradation ($\leq$1.8% relative error) at longer horizons. Crucially, the 2-block variant incurs 61% higher CPU inference latency and 37% lower throughput relative to 1-block -- substantial overhead for resource-constrained ITS deployment. The 3-block architecture offers no favourable tradeoff, more than doubling computational cost for $<$0.5% relative improvement. These results suggest that the default 2-block STGCN may be over-parameterised for many applications, with implications for both practitioners deploying traffic prediction systems and researchers benchmarking efficiency-focused methods.
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