SecureClaw通过双边界防护,彻底防止LLM代理泄露敏感信息和执行未经授权操作。
SecureClaw: Clawing Back Control of LLM Agents
- 在读取边界用可信网关替换明文为密钥,写入时采用预览-提交协议。
- 在ASB上实现0%攻击成功率,AgentDojo仅0.64%攻击成功,内部泄露率3.23%。
- 适合需高安全性的自动化代理系统,尤其防数据泄露与越权调用。
使用工具的大型语言模型(LLM)代理面临两类安全缺陷:未经授权的外部操作,以及运行时未被最终输出检查前暴露敏感明文。现有防御通常只保护规划/运行时或动作接收端,无法同时保障两个边界。我们提出SecureClaw,一种双边界架构,在作用目标端授权、读取端实现明文隔离。敏感读取通过可信网关,将原始值替换为不透明句柄,评估部署中进一步使用限定摘要作为显式降级接口。改变外部状态的写入遵循预览→提交协议,仅可信执行器可提交策略授权的精确请求。运行时仍可基于摘要与符号引用进行规划,但无法直接解引用秘密或产生副作用。在AgentDojo、AgentLeak和Agent Security Bench(ASB)上,SecureClaw是唯一在统一测试环境评估的防御方案,同时保持可用任务能力,达成ASB上0%攻击成功率、AgentDojo上0.64%攻击成功率,以及AgentLeak攻击对齐车道上3.23%的整体泄露率(涵盖最终输出与内部传递泄露)。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Tool-using large language model (LLM) agents face two distinct security failures: unauthorized external actions and exposure of sensitive plaintext inside the runtime before any final output check can intervene. Existing defenses usually protect one boundary, either the planner/runtime or the action sink, and therefore do not by themselves secure both surfaces. We present SecureClaw, a dual-boundary architecture that places authorization at the effect sink and plaintext confinement at the read boundary. Sensitive reads pass through a trusted gateway that replaces raw values with opaque handles and, in the evaluated deployment, bounded summaries as an explicit declassification interface. Writes that change external state follow a PREVIEW$\rightarrow$COMMIT protocol in which only a trusted executor may commit the exact canonical request authorized by policy. The runtime can still plan over summaries and symbolic references, but cannot directly dereference secrets or perform side effects. Across AgentDojo, AgentLeak, and Agent Security Bench (ASB), SecureClaw is the only defense we evaluate in a common harness that simultaneously retains usable task utility and achieves 0\% attack success rate (ASR) on ASB, 0.64\% ASR on AgentDojo, and 3.23\% overall leak on AgentLeak's attacked parity lane, which measures final-output and internal-relay leakage.
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