用草图快速生成可制造的模块化光生物反应器布局，支持碳中和建筑落地。
Sketch-to-Layout: A Human-Centric Computational Agent for Constraint-Aware Synthesis of Modular Photobioreactors
- 将设计草图转为满足连接与对齐约束的布局，用约束求解器实现近实时生成。
- 在15×15网格上成功率达95.5%，且能保持设计语义与系统连通性。
- 结合弱监督视觉分析，实现无需精确标注的藻类健康状态长期监测。
一体化光生物反应器（PBR）为碳中和建筑提供路径，但配置复杂与生物维护难题限制其部署。本文提出一种模块化PBR立面系统，基于计算框架将设计意图与物理可行性统一。引入“碳中和砖块”，集成容器与通道结构；单体流道支持即插即用组装。针对14种模块几何的组合复杂性，开发了草图到布局的计算代理，将布局合成建模为约束满足问题（CSP）。利用CP-SAT引擎，以稀疏用户草图为软先验，强制执行端口对齐与全局连通等硬约束，使非专业人士可快速生成可制造配置。此外，为实现自主维护，提出弱监督藻类健康监测流程：采用混合CNN-注意力主干与时间排序损失，从照片中量化生物活力，无需绝对标签。实验表明，该方法在15×15网格上成功率高达95.5%。定性评估显示框架在保留设计语义的同时保障运行完整性。长期测试表明视觉模块生成的健康轨迹与14天生物周期一致，证明交互式合成与低成本计算机视觉结合可推动规模化碳捕集系统的普及。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Building-integrated photobioreactors (PBRs) offer a pathway for carbon-neutral architecture, yet deployment is hindered by configuration complexity and biological maintenance. This paper presents a modular PBR facade system powered by a computational framework reconciling design intent with physical validity. We introduce 'carbon-neutralization bricks' featuring integrated vessel-and-conduit geometry; monolithic fluid channels enable 'plug-and-play' assembly. To navigate the combinatorial complexity of 14 modular geometries, we develop a Computational Sketch-to-Layout Agent that formulates layout synthesis as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). Using the CP-SAT engine, the agent treats sparse user sketches as soft priors while enforcing hard constraints like port alignment and global connectivity. This allows non-experts to synthesize fabrication-ready configurations in near real-time. Furthermore, to facilitate autonomous maintenance, we propose a weakly supervised algae health monitoring pipeline. By employing a hybrid CNN-attention backbone and a temporal ranking loss, the system quantifies biological vitality from photographs without absolute ground-truth labels. Experiments demonstrate the CSP solver achieves a 95.5% success rate on grid scales up to 15 x 15. Qualitative evaluations confirm the framework preserves design semantics while ensuring operational integrity. Long-term tests show the vision module produces health trajectories aligned with 14-day biological cycles, suggesting that integrating interactive synthesis with low-cost computer vision can democratize scalable carbon capture systems.
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