用大模型提升陪护机器人智能，但可靠性和临床效果仍待验证
Exploration of Foundation Model-Based Robots in Patient and Elderly Care
- 大模型作为对话与推理核心，支撑语音交互的社交助手机器人
- 用户使用体验良好，但存在幻觉和对话中断等可靠性问题
- 适合关注医疗机器人落地、评估标准制定的研究者
全球老龄化加剧导致对老年及患者照护需求快速上升。基础模型正被越来越多地融入机器人与交互代理中，有望实现更灵活的沟通与个性化服务。然而，照护场景要求系统具备可靠性、工作流兼容性以及可问责的人类监管，当前具身系统是否能将技术进步转化为临床实效仍不明确。本文从设计特征、用户体验及照护相关结果三个维度综述基于基础模型的护理机器人现状。当前系统多将基础模型用于以语音为中心的社会助手机体中的对话与推理层，而多模态感知与物理自主性仍受限。实证评估显示用户可用性与参与度有积极改善，但交互全流程中仍普遍存在可靠性故障，如幻觉和对话中断。照护成效证据集中于认知参与度等近端指标，缺乏对经验证的临床或照护结果的充分支持。我们主张未来研究应转向针对照护场景的评估标准、可问责的自主性，并融入照护工作流程，以推动更响应迅速且负责任的照护技术发展。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Demand for older-adult and patient care is growing rapidly as populations age worldwide. Foundation models are increasingly being integrated into robots and interactive agents, with the promise of more flexible communication and personalized assistance. However, care settings require reliable and workflow-compatible systems with accountable human oversight, and it remains unclear whether current embodied systems can translate technical advances into clinical impact. This Perspective synthesizes foundation model-based care robots across three areas: design features, user experience, and evidence for care-related outcomes. Current systems most commonly use foundation models as conversational and reasoning layers within voice-centered socially assistive embodiments, while multimodal grounding and physical autonomy remain limited. Empirical evaluations report positive usability and engagement benefits, but reliability failures persist across the interaction pipeline such as hallucinations and conversational breakdowns. Evidence for care impact remains concentrated in proximal outcomes such as cognitive engagement and participation, with limited evidence for validated clinical or care-related changes. We argue that future research should transition toward care-specific evaluation standards, accountable autonomy, and integration into care workflows to support more responsive and responsible care technologies.
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