arXiv:2606.10249cs.LGcs.SI2026-06

发现标签信息量不能预测图神经网络聚合器选择,关键在数据集构成。

When Design Rules Break: Benchmark Composition Determines Whether Label Informativeness Predicts GNN Aggregator Choice

论文配图:When Design Rules Break: Benchmark Composition Determines Whether Label Informativeness Predicts GNN Aggregator Choice
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过24个数据集对比不同聚合方式,检验设计规则是否通用。
  • 在Facebook-100上标签信息极低却仍偏好求和聚合,性能提升7-13%。
  • 谱间隙是区分特殊数据集的关键特征,适合研究自适应聚合方法者关注。

我们考察图神经网络(GNN)设计规则在不同基准数据集间的泛化性,分析了24个节点分类数据集上sum、mean、max三种聚合方式的表现,涵盖引文、异质性、LINKX Facebook-100、共购买及共著图。边同质性仅弱预测GIN-Sum与GIN-Mean的性能差距。标签信息量在传统基准上表现良好,但加入Facebook-100后显著下降。在这些密集好友网络中,近零标签信息量仍伴随强烈求和偏好,带来7-10%的性能增益,延长训练可高达13%。基于随机块模型的消融实验(含度修正变体)无法复现该现象,表明平均度不足以解释此行为。在多个标签无关图统计量中,谱间隙唯一能区分此类低信息数据集,且影响局限于一跳邻域,并在多架构下重现。我们进一步发现训练策略会与聚合器选择交互作用,且PNA在标准引文基准上可能低于最优单聚合器GIN。结果表明,基准组成而非数值不足,决定设计规则是否显现泛化性,而Facebook-100场景为未来自适应聚合方法提供了具体目标。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We examine whether graph neural network (GNN) design rules generalize across benchmark families by studying aggregator selection (sum, mean, max) on 24 node-classification datasets spanning citation, heterophilic, LINKX Facebook-100, co-purchase, and co-authorship graphs. Edge homophily is only weakly predictive of the GIN-Sum versus GIN-Mean performance gap. Label informativeness predicts this gap well on legacy benchmarks but degrades substantially when Facebook-100 graphs are included. In these dense friendship networks, near-zero label informativeness coexists with a strong preference for sum aggregation, producing gains of 7-10% and up to 13% under extended training. Stochastic block model ablations, including degree-corrected variants matching Facebook-100 degree scales, fail to reproduce this behavior, indicating that mean degree alone does not explain the effect. Among several label-independent graph statistics, the spectral gap uniquely distinguishes these graphs from other low-informativeness datasets, with the effect localized to one-hop neighborhoods and replicated across architectures. We further identify training regimes that interact with aggregator choice and show that PNA can underperform the best single-aggregator GIN on standard citation benchmarks. Our results suggest that benchmark composition, rather than numerical insufficiency, determines whether design rules appear to generalize, and that the Facebook-100 regime provides a concrete target for future adaptive aggregation methods.

图神经网络聚合器选择基准测试Facebook-100

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