提出一种隐蔽的分布式攻击，让单步检测失效但能被时间相关性识别。
The Distributed Detectability Band Against Marginal-Preserving Attacks
- 用高斯耦合自回归构造攻击，保持每步评分分布不变以逃避检测。
- 在3.0危害水平下，攻击与正常行为的差异仅0.013，几乎无法察觉。
- 基于时间相关性的监控可检测攻击，适合防范隐蔽协同破坏。
AI控制监控器通过评分单个智能体动作来检测异常行为，但真实伤害可能分散在多个看似正常的步骤中，每个步骤单独均低于报警阈值。本文构建了一种保边缘、编码相关性的分布式破坏攻击，采用高斯耦合自回归AR(1)结构：每步监控评分的边缘分布严格等于正常情况，因此均值、最大值、顶部k尾部、阈值监控器（监测器A）被构造上击败；而伤害则编码在时间相关性结构中。论文围绕三个审稿人要求的关卡展开：(1) 可实现性关卡：该隐蔽攻击在所有测试危害水平（最高3.0）下，与正常行为的K-S距离仅为0.013（近乎零），证实伤害可完全脱离单步边缘分布，且可实现性不受危害限制。(2) 监控器A与B的协调性：我们形式化证明，该针对监控器A设计的攻击，在另一类评分监控器B（如序列型：CUSUM、SPRT、HMM-LR、游程检验、自相关、滑动窗口逻辑回归）下仍保持边缘不变，并涵盖那些具有时间特征的评分函数的最坏情况。(3) 非空可检测区间：监控器A在1%误报率目标下仅达AUC 0.52（随机水平）；而监控器B在相同条件下达到AUC 0.79–0.97，随着危害分散在更多步骤中，监控器A退化至随机水平，而监控器B稳定维持在AUC ~0.95。这些结果证明存在非空可检测区间，并刻画了亚阈值破坏的边界：分布形状监控器因构造而失效；时间相关性监控器可检测但非最优。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
AI-control monitors score individual agent actions to detect misbehavior, but real harm can be distributed across many benign-looking steps, each individually below any per-step alarm. We construct a marginal-preserving, correlation-encoded distributed-sabotage attack using a Gaussian-copula AR(1) construction: the per-step monitor-score marginal is held exactly equal to benign, so mean, max, top-k tail, and threshold monitors (Monitor A) are defeated by construction, while harm is encoded in the temporal correlation structure. We sequence the paper around three reviewer-mandated gates. (1) Realizability gate: the stealthy attack achieves KS-distance to benign of 0.013 (effectively zero) at all tested harm levels up to 3.0, confirming that harm is fully decoupled from the per-step marginal and realizability is not harm-limited. (2) Monitor-A-vs-B reconciliation: we show formally that the attack, built against Monitor A's score marginal, remains marginal-preserving under a different-score Monitor B (the correlation/sequence family: CUSUM, SPRT, HMM-LR, runs test, autocorrelation, windowed logistic), and scope worst-case claims to score functions that admit a temporal signature. (3) Non-empty detectability band: Monitor A achieves AUC 0.52 (chance); Monitor B spans AUC 0.79-0.97 at the same 1% FPR target, and as harm is amortized over more steps Monitor A collapses to chance while Monitor B holds at AUC ~0.95. These results demonstrate a non-empty detectability band and characterize the sub-threshold sabotage frontier: distribution-shape monitors fail by construction; temporal-correlation monitors can detect but are not trivially optimal.
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