arXiv:2606.10581cs.CLcs.SD2026-06被引 2

让语音模型学会根据语气、情绪等非语言线索调整回应,提升对话智能。

ParaBridge: Bridging Paralinguistic Perception and Dialogue Behavior in Speech Language Models

论文配图:ParaBridge: Bridging Paralinguistic Perception and Dialogue Behavior in Speech Language Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过自蒸馏训练让模型在无指令时也能稳定响应语音情感线索。
  • 在 VoxSafeBench 上性能从 14.6% 提升至 40.3%,情感对话评分从 3.27 增至 3.92。
  • 不依赖标注数据,可迁移至不同模型和新场景,通用性强。

语音蕴含远超词汇的信息:孩童声音、恐惧语调或嘈杂背景都应促使对话助手作出不同回应。当前语音语言模型虽能识别此类副语言特征,但在开放对话中常忽略它们。我们发现,推理阶段添加简单的副语言指令提示可缩小感知与行为之间的差距,表明相关线索已存在于模型内部。但该提示在多轮对话和指令冲突下表现脆弱。为此,我们提出 ParaBridge——一种基于策略的自蒸馏方法,将脆弱的推理提示转化为稳定的模型行为。训练时,提示仅作为临时优势视图;无提示模型自主生成回复,而提示视图则提供全程密集、全词表的下一词目标。这种监督教会模型何时响应非词汇线索,无需人工标注、精选对话或外部奖励模型。在 Qwen3-Omni-thinking 上,ParaBridge 将无提示 VoxSafeBench SAR 从 14.6% 提升至 40.3%,EchoMind 平均评分从 3.27 增至 3.92。模型通用能力保持良好,MMAU-Pro、VoiceBench、GPQA 等指标与原始模型相差不超过 0.4 分。模型还展现出对未见副语言线索的泛化能力,可从安全导向训练迁移到共情对话,并适用于其他语音语言模型架构。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Speech carries more information than just words: a child's voice, a fearful tone, or a noisy background should all lead a sufficiently competent spoken-dialogue assistant to different replies. Current Speech Language Models (SLMs) can recognize such paralinguistic cues but often ignore them in open-ended dialogue. We observe that a simple paralinguistic instruction scaffold at the inference stage narrows this perception-behavior gap, suggesting that the relevant cues are already latent in the model. Such scaffolds, however, remain brittle under multi-turn context and competing instructions. Therefore, we propose \textbf{ParaBridge}, an on-policy self-distillation method that turns a brittle inference-time scaffold into stable model behavior. During training, the scaffold serves only as a temporary privileged view; the scaffold-free model rolls out its own response, while the scaffolded view supplies dense, full-vocabulary next-token targets along its trajectory. This supervision teaches when non-lexical cues should affect the reply without the need for curated dialogues, human labels, or external reward models. On Qwen3-Omni-thinking, ParaBridge raises scaffold-free VoxSafeBench SAR from $14.6\%$ to $40.3\%$ and improves EchoMind average rating from $3.27$ to $3.92$. It also preserves general ability, with MMAU-Pro, VoiceBench, and GPQA all within $0.4$ points of the original model. Beyond the training distribution, ParaBridge generalizes to unseen paralinguistic cues, transfers from safety-oriented training to empathy-oriented dialogue, and works on a different SLM backbone.

语音理解对话系统副语言自蒸馏

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