通过图对齐实现月球车像素级精确定位,解决无GPS环境下的长期导航难题。
Globally Localizing Lunar Rover in Pixels via Graph Alignment

- 构建重投影图匹配框架,利用统一图学习提升跨视角对齐鲁棒性。
- 在真实数据上定位误差仅1.68米,相当于1.40米/像素分辨率下近一像素精度。
- 模型轻量高效,参数仅156万,推理速度达5.49帧/秒,适合实时部署。
精确的月球车定位是自主探月任务的前提,但缺乏全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)信号以及局部定位方法的累积漂移严重制约了长距离任务。跨视图定位通过匹配月球车视角与卫星视角图像,提供了一种免漂移的全局解决方案。然而,月面环境对对应关系对齐带来独特挑战,包括实体纠缠、视角差异及仿真到真实域偏移。为此,本文提出扭曲重投影图对齐(WARG)框架,结合预训练于合成数据集LuSNAR的统一图学习与重投影图匹配机制,实现鲁棒的跨视角对齐。在合成月球南极区域测试中零样本泛化误差为3.63米,平均测试误差达0.32米。在真实世界数据验证中,于100米×100米搜索区域内,定位误差为1.68米,对应低分辨率卫星影像(1.40米/像素)下接近一像素精度。此外,该模型仅含156万参数(为此前轻量模型的16.12%),在NVIDIA RTX A6000上运行速度达5.49赫兹,接近GNSS更新频率。更重要的是,通过跨视角定位学习,WARG自然习得低层空间感知能力,包括语义分割与结构推理,展现出极低标注成本下构建空间智能的潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Precise rover localization is a prerequisite for autonomous lunar exploration, yet the absence of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals and the cumulative drift of local localization methods severely constrain long-range missions. Cross-view localization provides a promising drift-free global solution by matching rover-view and satellite-view imagery. However, the lunar environment poses unique challenges for correspondence alignment, including inter-entity entanglement, inter-viewpoint divergence, and simulation-to-real domain shift. To address these challenges, we propose Warped Alignment of Reprojected Graphs (WARG), a framework that leverages unified graph learning and reprojected graph matching for robust cross-view alignment. Pretrained on the synthetic LuSNAR dataset, WARG achieves an average test error of 0.32 m and demonstrates robust zero-shot generalization to the synthetic lunar south pole region with an error of 3.63 m. More importantly, when validated on real-world data from the YuTu-2 rover, WARG achieves a localization error of 1.68 m within a 100 m x 100 m search area, corresponding to nearly one-pixel precision in low-resolution satellite imagery with a spatial resolution of 1.40 m/pixel. Beyond accuracy, WARG is computationally efficient, containing only 1.56M parameters, corresponding to 16.12% of previous lightweight models, and operating at 5.49 Hz on an NVIDIA RTX A6000 GPU, approaching GNSS-level update frequency. Finally, we observe that WARG naturally develops low-level spatial awareness, including semantic segmentation and structural reasoning, through cross-view localization learning, highlighting its potential as a promising paradigm for spatial intelligence with minimal annotation cost. The source code is available at https://github.com/maochen-casia/warg.
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