arXiv:2606.10611cs.LGcs.CV2026-06

用强化学习让算法学会看图形,自动优化不规则零件排布。

Geometry-Aware Reinforcement Learning for 2D Irregular Nesting

论文配图:Geometry-Aware Reinforcement Learning for 2D Irregular Nesting
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用神经编码器捕捉多边形几何特征,指导智能体决策。
  • 在真实地理轮廓数据上训练,排料利用率接近顶尖启发式方法。
  • 开源了数据集与评测基准,适合研究排料与空间优化者。

传统2D不规则排料方法因忽视多边形几何信息,依赖有引导的暴力搜索,在连续放置空间中缺乏几何指引。本文提出,强化学习可突破此瓶颈:通过结合优化策略与几何感知神经编码器,智能体能从数据中自动学习丰富的几何先验,并利用这些直观知识战略性地引导探索。为此,我们提出新型架构Polygons Transformer(PoT),可编码二维连续向量几何,并支持跨多边形注意力机制。该架构与组合优化强化学习(CORL)训练框架相结合,用于寻找最优解。为支持这一范式,我们发布了一个基于复杂地理轮廓的开源训练数据集及专用评估基准。实证结果表明,训练后的智能体在面积利用率方面与当前最先进启发式方法Sparrow相当,证明强化学习能有效发现并利用几何感知能力,完成高精度空间任务。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Traditional heuristic solvers for the 2D irregular nesting problem share a fundamental limitation: they are blind to polygon geometry, relying on guided brute-force to navigate the continuous placement space with minimal geometrical guidance. In this paper, we argue that Reinforcement Learning is uniquely positioned to overcome this bottleneck. By pairing an optimization policy with a geometry-aware neural encoder, an agent can automatically discover rich geometric priors directly from data, utilizing these learned intuitions to strategically guide exploration. To realize this, we introduce the Polygons Transformer (PoT), a novel architecture that encodes 2D continuous vector geometries while allowing cross-polygons attention. We couple this novel architecture with a Combinatorial Optimization Reinforcement Learning (CORL) training framework to find optimal solutions. To support this paradigm, we release an open-source training dataset derived from complex geographic contours alongside a dedicated evaluation benchmark. Our empirical validation demonstrates that our trained agent achieves area utilization performance highly competitive with Sparrow, the state-of-the-art heuristic solver, proving that reinforcement learning can successfully discover and exploit geometric awareness for precise spatial tasks.

强化学习排料优化几何感知空间规划

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。