提出可共存的模块化与端到端路径架构,支持自动驾驶系统平稳升级。
An Exposure-Time-Aligned Primary-Path Architecture for Autonomous-Driving ECUs

- 主路径优先设计,将核心感知到规划链路集中于单个SoC
- 按传感器曝光时间对齐任务,实现事件驱动融合,延迟仅296毫秒
- 模块化与端到端路径共享时间周期,适合量产车过渡期部署
尽管端到端(E2E)自动驾驶已成为主流研究方向,但量产车辆在相当长一段时间内仍依赖模块化多神经网络流水线。本文聚焦于该过渡阶段的架构设计,提出可并行支持模块化流水线与端到端路径,并具备分阶段迁移能力的方案。传统平等后融合策略在生产级SoC上计算效率低,且无法自然划分替换单元。为此,本文提出三项设计原则:(i) 主路径(Primary-Path),即选定一条从感知到规划的核心链路,优先将其封闭于单一SoC中,而非非关键路径;(ii) 曝光时间对齐(Exposure-Time-Aligned),将主传感器的曝光时间τₐₙₚ作为标签沿链路传递,融合节点基于匹配的τₐₙₚ触发,而非固定周期;(iii) 共路径共存(Co-Path Coexistence),在前两者基础上,使端到端输出路径与模块化流水线在同一τₐₙₚ周期内协同运行。在双SoC量产自动驾驶域控制器上,该实现平均完成从摄像头快门到规划输出的延迟为296毫秒,满足350毫秒的设计预算,且模块化与端到端路径在同一τₐₙₚ周期内共存。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
While end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving has become the dominant research direction, production vehicles continue to rely on modular multi-NN pipelines for a non-trivial transitional period. The subject of this paper is the design of an architecture that, during this phase, supports a modular pipeline and an E2E path side by side and embeds a path for staged migration. Transplanted to a production SoC, egalitarian late fusion is compute-inefficient and offers no natural unit for staged E2E substitution. As an alternative, we propose three design principles: (i) Primary-Path, which selects a primary perception-to-planner chain and prioritizes its enclosure within a single SoC over the non-critical paths, (ii) Exposure-Time-Aligned, which propagates the primary sensor's exposure time $τ_{\mathrm{exp}}$ as a tag along the chain and event-drives the fusion node on matched $τ_{\mathrm{exp}}$ rather than a fixed cycle, and (iii) Co-Path Coexistence, which, building on (i) and (ii), lets an E2E output path co-run with the modular pipeline within the same $τ_{\mathrm{exp}}$ cycle. On a Dual-SoC production AD-ECU, the implementation achieves a camera-shutter to planner-output latency of 296 ms on average within a 350 ms design budget, with the modular pipeline and the E2E path coexisting within the shared $τ_{\mathrm{exp}}$ cycle.
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