arXiv:2606.10939cs.CV2026-06

轻量级图像隐写分析框架,效率提升97%且精度几乎不变。

PENet+: A Lightweight Residual Transformer Framework for Efficient Image Steganalysis

  • 保留原注意力结构,通过通道压缩和优化预处理模块提升效率
  • 参数减少45.5%,计算量降低97%,在512x512图像上保持高检测精度
  • 适合移动端或嵌入式设备部署,尤其关注弱隐写信号的捕捉

图像隐写分析是现代网络安全与数字取证的核心技术。现有残差Transformer架构如PENet虽有强检测能力,但计算与内存开销大,难以在资源受限场景部署。本文提出PENet+,在保留PENet判别结构的基础上显著提升效率:不重构注意力模块,而是引入渐进式通道压缩机制,将空间金字塔池化(SPP)到第一全连接层(FC1)的通道数逐步缩减;同时优化高通滤波(HPF)茎干,采用激活感知机制早期聚合响应,并选取平衡的31个滤波器(16个Gabor + 15个SRM)子集;还将主干替换为MobileNetV2风格的倒置残差网络。在分离的ALASKA2 JPEG QF90数据集(512x512分辨率,训练/验证/内测共5,000张载密图,外部测试集19,000张)上,相较重新评估的PENet基线,PENet+实现最多45.5%参数减少和约97%浮点运算量下降,提供一种高效的资源受限隐写分析方向。设备级延迟与功耗测量仍待后续研究。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Image steganalysis, the detection of hidden information embedded in digital images, is a core component of modern cybersecurity and digital forensics. Recent residual Transformer architectures, such as the Pixel-Difference-Convolution and Enhanced-Transformer-Network (PENet) [1], achieve strong detection accuracy, but their computational and memory demands hinder deployment in resource-constrained settings. We present PENet+, a lightweight steganalysis framework that preserves PENet's discriminative structure while substantially improving efficiency. Rather than redesigning or compressing the attention blocks, we retain PENet's self-attention topology for reproducibility and add a classifier-streamlining stage that progressively narrows the SPP-to-FC1 input channels (SPP: spatial pyramid pooling; FC1: first fully connected layer), yielding large reductions in parameters and FLOPs with negligible accuracy loss. We further refine the high-pass-filter (HPF) stem with an activation-aware mechanism that aggregates HPF responses early and selects a balanced SRM-Gabor top-K subset, and we replace PENet's backbone with a MobileNetV2-style inverted residual network. A balanced configuration with K=31 filters (16 Gabor + 15 SRM) matches or surpasses heavier settings at lower compute. Finally, we motivate PReLU from a steganalysis standpoint, arguing that preserving negative responses helps capture weak stego cues that ReLU suppresses. On a disjoint ALASKA2 JPEG QF90 protocol at 512x512 resolution (5,000 cover images for training, validation, and internal testing; a separate 19,000-cover evaluation set), PENet+ achieves up to 45.5% fewer parameters and about 97% fewer FLOPs than the re-evaluated PENet baseline, offering a computationally efficient direction for resource-constrained steganalysis. Device-level latency and power measurements remain future work.

隐写分析轻量模型Transformer高效推理

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