arXiv:2606.10940cs.CVcs.AI2026-06

开源模型助力英国哺乳动物监测,准确率超98%。

Democratising Camera Trap AI: An Open-Source Model for Detecting UK Mammals

  • 基于4.8万张标注图像训练YOLO26x模型,覆盖31类物种。
  • 平均精度达0.984(IoU=0.5),误检率仅0.17%。
  • 专为无机器学习经验的生态学家设计,支持本地部署。

相机陷阱已成为生物多样性监测的核心工具,但将海量图像转化为可用生态数据的人工智能常被商业平台垄断,或基于非不列颠群岛物种训练。为降低门槛、提升应用率,我们发布一个开源目标检测模型,可识别31类物种——28种常见英国哺乳动物与鸟类,外加人类、校准杆和车辆等实用类别。模型基于十年间通过Conservation AI及其继任项目Trap Tracker在多个站点收集的48,165张标注图像训练而成。采用YOLO26x架构,在80/10/10类分层划分的数据集上,验证集上平均精度达0.984(IoU=0.5),0.956(IoU=0.5-0.95),精确率0.988,召回率0.965。在未见测试集上,各物种平均置信度在0.96至0.99之间,误检率0.17%,主要集中在夜间、远距离或遮挡图像。性能评估基于同源站点与设备,新站点表现尚待未来研究。模型权重以ONNX格式发布,采用非商业许可,支持桌面本地运行与实时摄像头接入,专为无机器学习背景的生态学家设计。本发布是对过去十年多款付费模型的有力回应。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Camera traps have become a cornerstone of biodiversity monitoring, but the artificial intelligence that turns vast quantities of images into usable ecological data is often locked behind commercial platforms or trained on fauna that does not match that of the British Isles. In an attempt to remove barriers and increase uptake, we release an open-source object detection model for 31 classes, 28 common UK mammal and bird species, plus utility classes for humans, calibration poles, and vehicles, drawn from a curated dataset of 48,165 labelled instances assembled from multiple sites over a decade of operational deployment through Conservation AI and its successor, Trap Tracker. The model, a YOLO26x detector trained and tested on an 80/10/10 class-stratified split, achieves a mean Average Precision of 0.984 at Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.5 (0.956 at IoU 0.5-0.95) on the held-out validation set, with precision 0.988 and recall 0.965. On an unseen held-out test split, mean per-species confidence ranged from 0.96 to 0.99 across the 31 classes, with a 0.17% false-negative rate concentrated in difficult night-time, distant, or occluded images. These metrics are from data from the same pool of sites and cameras as training, so performance at entirely new sites is left to future work. We release the trained weights in ONNX format under a non-commercial licence, with local desktop and real-time camera support, aimed explicitly at ecologists with no machine-learning experience. This release is a deliberate counterweight to the multiple paid for models that have developed over the last decade.

相机陷阱目标检测生态监测开源模型

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