用更精准的约束优化流模型,提升图像视频生成质量与训练稳定性。
Flow-DPPO: Divergence Proximal Policy Optimization for Flow Matching Models
- 以精确计算的KL散度替代原方法中的比率裁剪,实现更合理的策略更新约束。
- 在多目标优化中表现更均衡,支持多轮训练且避免灾难性遗忘。
- 适用于需要高稳定性和高质量生成的图像/视频生成任务。
近期研究显示,在线强化学习可显著提升图像与视频生成流模型的质量与对齐性。现有方法如Flow-GRPO和CPS将去噪过程建模为马尔可夫决策过程,并采用类似PPO的比率裁剪来维持信任区域。然而我们指出,比率裁剪对流模型结构不适用:新旧策略间的概率比率是真实策略发散的噪声单样本估计,导致轨迹某些区域过度约束,其他区域约束不足。为此提出Flow-DPPO(流发散邻近策略优化),以发散邻近约束替代比率裁剪。关键观察是流模型每步策略为高斯分布,可精确且低成本计算新旧策略间的KL散度。Flow-DPPO采用非对称发散掩码,仅当梯度更新同时偏离信任区域且超过发散阈值时才阻断。实验表明,Flow-DPPO在获得更高奖励的同时具备更优的KL邻近效率,缓解灾难性遗忘,促进平衡的多目标优化,并支持稳定多轮训练,而比率裁剪在此场景下会退化。代码与模型见 https://github.com/Tencent-Hunyuan/UniRL/tree/main/FlowDPPO。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent work has demonstrated that online reinforcement learning (RL) can substantially improve the quality and alignment of flow matching models for image and video generation. Methods such as Flow-GRPO and CPS cast the denoising process as a Markov Decision Process and apply PPO-style ratio clipping to enforce a trust region. However, we argue that ratio clipping is structurally ill-suited for flow models: the probability ratio between new and old policies is a noisy, single-sample estimate of the true policy divergence, leading to over-constraining in some regions of the trajectory and under-constraining in others. We propose Flow-DPPO (Flow Divergence Proximal Policy Optimization), which replaces ratio clipping with a divergence proximal constraint. A key observation is that the per-step policy in flow models is Gaussian, enabling exact and cheap computation of the KL divergence between old and new policies. Flow-DPPO employs an asymmetric divergence mask that blocks gradient updates only when they simultaneously move away from the trusted region and violate the divergence threshold. Experiments show that Flow-DPPO achieves higher rewards with better KL-proximal efficiency, alleviates catastrophic forgetting, promotes balanced multi-objective optimization, and enables stable multi-epoch training where ratio clipping degrades. Code and models are available at https://github.com/Tencent-Hunyuan/UniRL/tree/main/FlowDPPO.
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