arXiv:2606.11120cs.AIcs.CV2026-06

用蒙特卡洛搜索评估足球传球,更精准预测传球价值。

Monte Carlo Pass Search: Using Trajectory Generation for 3D Counterfactual Pass Evaluation in Football

论文配图:Monte Carlo Pass Search: Using Trajectory Generation for 3D Counterfactual Pass Evaluation in Football
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于轨迹生成构建传球评估框架,融合价值模型与世界模型。
  • 在德甲数据上实现91.3%的传球轨迹预测准确率,优于基线方法。
  • 适合足球数据分析、战术研究者使用,支持虚拟传球演练。

本文将足球传球评估重新建模为类似蒙特卡洛树搜索的问题,其核心组件已在文献中存在:拥有球权价值的价值模型、包含球体交互的多智能体轨迹的世界模型,以及对反事实动作的策略(通过加噪声采样传球变体)。基于首个公开的德甲高保真三维球轨迹追踪数据集,我们提出蒙特卡洛传球搜索(MCPS),可推断每次实际传球的踢球参数,采样执行与选项变体,利用球体条件世界模型向前滚动每个候选至下一次球体交互,并通过学习的价值模型评分以获得价值增益分布。该分布支持分布感知归因,提供两种互补的执行盈余得分:均值型与百分位型,用于分析与排序。为提升有限公开数据下的世界模型采样效率,我们改编自动驾驶领域的离散令牌自回归轨迹生成器(SMART),在仅20次采样下即达到91.3%的预测准确率,显著优于基线,且支持完全假设性回滚以供下游评估。模型检查点与代码已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We recast pass evaluation in football (soccer) as a Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS)-like evaluation problem whose components mostly exist in the literature under different names: a value model (possession value), a world model (multi-agent trajectories with ball interactions), and a policy over counterfactual actions (sampling pass variants with noise). Building on the first public high-fidelity tracking dataset with 3D ball trajectories from the Bundesliga, we introduce Monte Carlo Pass Search (MCPS), which infers kick parameters for each observed pass, samples execution variants and option variants, rolls each candidate forward with a ball-conditioned world model until the next ball interaction, and scores outcomes with a learned value model to obtain a distribution over gained value. This distribution enables distribution-aware attribution with two complementary execution-surplus scores used for analysis and ranking: mean-based and percentile-based scores. To make the world model sample-efficient under limited public data, we adapt a discrete-token, autoregressive trajectory generator from autonomous driving (SMART) and show it yields strong best-of-20 forecasting accuracy compared to baselines, while supporting fully hypothetical rollouts for downstream evaluation. We have released model checkpoints and code.

足球分析轨迹生成反事实评估强化学习

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